Laboratoire de Protection des Ecosystèmes en Zones Arides et Semi Arides, Faculté de Sciences de la nature et de la vie, et des sciences de la terre et de l’univers, Université Kasdi Merbah, Ouargla, Algérie. Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Echahid Hamma Lakhdar, El Oued, Algeria. Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l’Olivier (LBO), Centre de Biotechnologie, Technopole de Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2017.v19i01.08
Key words: Olive (Olea europaea L.), yield performance, pomological characteristics, field conditions, algerian desert
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Abstract: The present study was carried out during five successive seasons (2010 to 2014) on mature autochthonous olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars namely: Azeradj, Chemlal, Neb djemel, Rougette and Sigoise grown under drip irrigation system in Dhaouia’s pilot farm in Oued Souf region in Algeria. Yield performance and pomological characteristics of these cultivars were studied. Results indicated that all of studied cultivars had acceptable olive production. Chemlal and Rougette recorded the highest cumulative yield over a five years period (306.6 and 294 kg/tree, respectively) whereas the lowest cumulative yield was from Neb djemel (243 kg/tree). Rougette had a remarkably alternate bearing index (0.18), whereas the other varieties showed a better stability in olive yields by a low alternate index (? 0.07). The largest fruit (6.86 g) were from Sigoise whereas Chemlal had the smallest fruit (1.76 g). Highest pulp fraction of total fruit weight (88.14%) was found in Sigoise, while the lowest (70.44%) was determined for Chemlal. Highest oil content in pulp dry weight was recorded in Rougette (36.31%) and Azeradj (32.35%), while the lowest values (20.14%) were recorded in Sigoise, Chemlal (27.71%) and Neb djemel (28.46%). Highest phenolic content in dry fruit pulp (23.56 mg GAE/g) was recorded in Sigoise whereas Azeradj had the lowest content (4.36 mg GAE/g). Based on these results, we recommend cultivating Sigoise and Neb djemel exclusively for table olive production in the Oued souf region, Rougette may be for dual purpose production, taking into account the economic feasibility for olive oil production in these desert areas.
Indian Institute of Crop Processing Technology, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2017.v19i01.09
Key words: Ultrasound pre-treatment, microwave drying, okra, vacuum packing
Abstract: The experiment was conducted to study drying kinetics of ultrasound assisted, microwave drying of okra and its effect on colour change, texture and rehydration properties of okra. The samples were dried in a continuous microwave dryer at 540 W power level and at a belt speed of 5 mm s-1. It was observed that ultrasound as pre-treatment led to significant reduction in drying time of okra. Page model was found to be the best to explain the drying behaviour of okra with high R2, lowest RMSE and X2. Ultrasound retained the colour properties of okra. The lowest total colour difference was recorded in ultrasound treated- 60 minutes sample (18.11) followed by the control dried sample (17.58). The textural properties of the treatments of ultrasound treated – 60 minutes and ultrasound treated-vacuum packed -30 minutes samples had the values of hardness, gumminess and chewiness closer to fresh okra values. The highest coefficient of rehydration was recorded in ultrasound treated- 60 minutes samples. The vacuum pack did not show any effect on the rehydration ratio. The rehydration ratio increased with increase in time from 30 to 60 minutes.
Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology-East Java, Indonesian Agency for Agriculture Research and Development, Jl. Raya Karangploso KM. 4, Malang 65152- Indonesia. Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology - Riau, Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, Jl. Kaharuddin Nasution No. 341 Km 10, Pekanbaru - Indonesia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2017.v19i01.10
Key words: Tomato, grafting, plant disease, rainy season, eggplant rootstock
Abstract: was conducted at Kediri, East Java for studying the effect of grafted tomato on off season production (rainy season) of tomato. Experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with four treatment combinations viz., ungrafted (G0) and Grafted (EG 203 eggplant rootstock) (G1) and variety Timothy (V1) and CLN 3024 (V2) were studied for their main and interaction effect. The results indicated that grafting had highly significant effect on wilt disease incidence. There was interaction between grafted and variety for viral diseases and the yield (number of tomatoes). Grafed plants of cv Timothy had low virus attack with a higher yield (65 fruits per plant), compared to ungrafted plants (29 fruits per plant).
M.M. Grishko Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences, Ukraine, Timiryazevska Str.1, Kyiv-01014, Ukraine,
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2017.v19i01.11
Key words: Rosa rugosa cultivars, morphological features, time of flowering, frost resistance
Abstract: Frost can damage rose plant and affects its performance in field under subfreezing conditions. Under severe cold conditions of North of Ukraine, use of winter-hardy rose cultivars is a suitable alternative for successful rose cultivation. Evaluation of 21 cultivars derived from Rosa rugosa Thunb. showed morphological characteristics and considerable frost tolerance and required no winter protection for their cultivation. Owing to their advantages, cultivars Abelzieds, Agnes, Conrad Ferdinand Meyer, Delicia, F.J. Grootendorst, Hansa, Henry Kelsey, Kaiserin des Nordes, Nova Zembla, Pink Grootendorst, Purple Roadrunner, Red Rugostar, Ritausma, Robusta, Rose a Parfum de lHay, Rotes Phanomen, Rugelda, Therese Bugnet, White Grootendorst, White Roadrunner, Yellow Dagmar Hastrup are recommended for planting in urban green areas of zone 5 climate of Ukraine.
Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Department of Plant Physiology, HCRI, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University,Venkataramannagudem-534101, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh. Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, HCRI, Anantharajupeta-516105, Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2017.v19i01.12
Key words: Turf grass species, establishment, root length density, root mass density
Abstract: The present investigation was aimed to evaluate the rooting characteristics of turf grass species planted with two different methods of establishment. A two factorial experiment with two methods of establishment and four turf grass species was laid out in a randomized block design replicated thrice during the year 2014-2015. The rooting characteristics, such as number of roots per stolon, root length and distribution, root diameter, root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), root length density (RLD) and root mass density (RMD) were studied during the course of investigation. The results showed that Bermuda grass planted with dibbling method of establishment recorded significantly higher number of roots, root length and distribution, RFW, RDW, RLD and RMD, whereas lowest rooting characteristics were exhibited by Korean grass planted with turf plastering method of establishment. The differences in RLD and RMD among different turf grass species observed to be related to the method of establishment adopted. Deep rooting species may have an advantage in absorbing the soil moisture from the deeper layers of the soil particularly during the water deficit periods thereby resulting in higher quality turf throughout the year.
IARI Regional Station (CHC), Amartara Cottage, Cart Road, Shimla-171004 (H.P.).
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2017.v19i01.13
Key words: Malus, Pyrus, grain inoculum, rhizosphere, rooted sucker, differential reaction, white root rot, Dematophora necatrix
Abstract: A screening technique for the identification of resistant germplasm of apple (Malus spp.) and pear (Pyrus spp.) to white root rot (Dematophora necatrix Hartig) was standardized under field conditions. Rooted suckers were planted in the field during late dormancy stage (February). These were challenge inoculated when plants had established in the field and attained new growth (during the month of July) by introducing fungus inoculum multiplied on wheat grain in the rhizosphere (50 grains/ sucker). Soil moisture was maintained at the field capacity. Different species exhibited differential reaction to disease development parameters viz., mycelial colonization of the infected plant parts, rate of wilting, defoliation, necrosis on the bark, wood and vascular region. Necrosis on the leaves was observed as first symptom of disease expression which took 10 days after the inoculation in susceptible species whereas incubation period was extended in resistant species. Most of the population of different susceptible host species collapsed within 30 days of inoculation. The mortality rate varied with species. The technique evolved is easy, quick, reliable and capable of creating required disease pressure under field conditions for screening rootstocks against white root rot disease.
Department of Horticulture, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2017.v19i01.14
Key words: Postharvest, storage temperature, polyethylene bag, shelf-life, quality, Litchi chinensis
Abstract: Effect of postharvest treatments on shelf-life and quality of litchi cvs. ‘Bombai’ and ‘Madraji’ were studied. Fruits of both the cultivars were stored in polyethylene bags, bamboo baskets with litchi leaf lining and open conditions at 5 °C and under ambient temperature for 9 days. In all the cases, fruits stored in open conditions lost weight rapidly and became unmarketable within 3 days due to rapid pericarp browning. In contrast, fruits kept in polyethylene bag had reduced weight loss and retained pericarp colour greatly during storage. Decay symptom was observed when the fruits were stored in ambient temperature either in polyethylene bags or in bamboo baskets with litchi leaf lining. However, no decay symptom was found in fruits kept at 5 °C irrespective of storage treatments. The changes in TSS, ascorbic acid and total phenolics in the aril were minimum in the treatment of polyethylene bags than that of bamboo baskets with litchi leaf lining and open conditions. Overall, fruits of both cultivars showed similar storage behavior and maintained better quality at 5 °C than ambient temperature.
NAT.43 Avenue Charles Nicole, City Mahrajene, 1082, Tunis, ISEP=BG 49 Avenue 13 Aot Choutrana II, 2036 Soukra. Tunisia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2017.v19i01.02
Key words: Citrus orchard, hedgerow orchard, radiation, high density planting, pruning, chlorophyll
Abstract: The experiment consisted of hedging citrus trees of the variety Washington Navel with a planting density of 873 plants/ha. The hedge was 2.65 m high, 0.5 m wide on the upper part and 1.5 m on the lower part forming 10 degrees angle to the vertical and NE/SW orientation. The control tree was cut to a ball shape. Considering mean values of three years, hedging showed a high vegetative stretching (7.20 cm) while the control tree had a lengthening of 4.18 cm, with a growth rate of the spring shoots of 6.80 mm and 4.29 mm per day, respectively. As well, a larger spring leaf area was noted as compared to the control tree. This area was 366.55 cm2 against 124.22 cm2 by branch, respectively. In spite of a more severe pruning in the treatment, the fruit yield was near to that of the control (9.12 kg/tree) with a density of 873 trees/ha. No significant difference was noted for the total amount of chlorophyll between both sides of the hedge (South/East and North/West) for the non-bearing shoots (1.75 and 1.51 mg. g-1 fresh weight, respectively) and bearing ones (1.57 and 1.51 mg/g fresh weight) contrarily to the control (non-bearing shoots 1.2 and 1.57 mg g-1 fresh weight; bearing shoots 1.97 and 1.35 mg. g-1 fresh weight). All stages of maturation occurred earlier in the treatment.
Department of Vegetable Production, Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Serra Talhada-PE, Brazi. Associação Educacional do Vale da Jurumirim, Avaré-SP, Brazil. Instituto Federal de Pernambuco, Campus Zona Rural, Petrolina-PE, Brazil. Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Centro de Ciências Agrárias-CECA, Maceio, AL, Brazil.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2017.v19i01.15
Key words: Ornamental, floriculture, potted plants, ethylene, bioregulators, polyamines, boron, gerbera
Abstract: Polyamines and boron spray were applied on gerbera to study their effect on the quality of flowers in potted plants of gerbera cv. ‘‘Kosak’’. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with six treatments (control, 0.8 mL-1 boron, 2 mMol L-1 putrescine (Put), 2 mMol L-1 spermine (Spm), 0.8 mL-1 boron + 2 mMol L-1 Put and 0.8 mL-1 boron + 2 mMol L-1 Spm) replicated six times. Gerberas (ligules and leaves) cv. ‘‘Kosak’’ were sprayed once with 100 mL of each concentration as treatment. In all the treatments, 1 mL/100 L-1 of a non-ionic surfactant was added to improve wetting and spray distribution. The results indicated significant effect of Put, Spm and boron on measured traits (P?0.05). Mean comparison showed that 2 mMol L-1 Spm produced the better quality potted gerberas. It was verified that polyamines and boron was effective to delay flower senescence of gerberas ‘‘Kosak’’. However, the combination of the two substances (0.8 mL-1 boron + 2 mMol L-1 Put and 0.8 mL-1 boron + 2 mMol L-1 Spm) had non significant effect on flower shelf life.
Scuola Superiore Sant Anna, Institute of Life Science, Pisa, Italy. Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2016.v18i03.30
Key words: Prunus armeniaca L., dormancy, xylogenesis, flowering, fruiting
Abstract: The aim of this research was to study the involvement of weather conditions and the influence of two Prunus rootstocks (Myrabolan 29/C and apricot Seedling) on flower bud biology of Pisana (Prunus armeniaca L.), one of the most appreciated Italian apricot cultivar, grown in a Mediterranean agro-climatic environment. Anatomical investigations on xylem differentiation within flower buds and biological observations on flowering as well as fruiting were carried out over two consecutive growth seasons. These years were characterized by different weather conditions due to temperatures and rainfall events which influenced the chilling accumulation, blooming time and xylogenesis process. The onset of xylogenesis within flower buds was conditioned by summer temperatures and water availability. The two rootstocks commonly used in apricot, Myrabolan 29/C and apricot Seedling, did not affect the flowering and fruit-set rate of the grafted cultivar. Nevertheless, differences in progressive differentiation of the secondary thickness of procambial cells in xylem vessels were observed.
Department of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture, Temple University, 580 Meetinghouse Rd., Ambler, PA 19002. Director of Research and Development, Aquatrols Corporation, Paulsboro, NJ 08066.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2016.v18i03.31
Key words: Growing media, wetting agent, hydrophobicity, peat, bark, mix manufacturers
Abstract: Surfactant formulations consisting of proprietary blends containing sulfonic acid ester ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer blend (ACA3204-R and ACA3204-P); sulfonic acid ester ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer blend with polyethylene glycol addition (ACA3204-2a), and ethoxylated alkylphenol (ACA160) were tested for wettability of peat-based substrates and for relative phytotoxicity. Substrate incorporation rates used in this study were 116 mL m-3 (a low recommended rate), 232 ml m-3 (a moderate recommended rate), and 464 ml m-3 (a supra-optimal rate). After a third wetting cycle, those substrates incorporated with ACA3204-R, ACA3204-P, or ACA160 at 232 ml m-3 had higher wettability ratings than the Pro-Mix HP control (Premier Horticulture Inc., Quakertown, PA). There were no differences in shoot dry weight (SDW) or visual root health rating (VRHR) among treatment groups of impatiens (Impatiens walleriana) compared to the control For pansy (Viola × wittrockiana), Pro-Mix-HP control-grown plants had higher SDW (0.8632 g shoot-1) than ACA3204-R at 464 mL·m-3 (SDW = 0.6266 g shoot-1) but SDWs for ACA3204-P, ACA3204-2a and ACA160 were similar to the control at all rates. Compared to the control, pansy VRHRs declined at 464 ml m-3 for all surfactants except for ACA160. In general, higher rates of surfactant increased mean days to 50% germination (DX; an inverse measure of germination rate) compared to distilled water control for pansy but this effect was less pronounced for impatiens. There appeared to be a stimulatory seedling effect on mean pansy root length for ACA3204-R and ACA3204-P (rates = 300-1200 ppm) and for ACA3204-2a (rates = 600-1200 ppm). In conclusion, surfactant formulations ACA3204-R, ACA3204-P, ACA3204-2a, and ACA160 were comparatively non-phytotoxic at moderate rates of substrate incorporation (mature plant growth) but laboratory seed germination was affected by low concentrations. ACA3204-R had similar wettability rating to that of ACA160 following the third wetting cycle. Further testing with additional plant species and substrates would aide in evaluating the usefulness of newer horticultural surfactants.
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Pr?honice, Czech Republic.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2016.v18i03.32
Key words: Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata L., seedling, growth, water deficit, brassinolide, vegetable, stimulant
Abstract: Water deficit is one of the most adverse factors for plant growth and productivity. The experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of synthetic brassinolide analogue at concentrations 100 nmol.L-1 , 1 nmol.L-1 , 0.01 nmol.L-1 and 0 nmol.L-1 on lettce seedling grown at two moisture levels (reduced, control). The plants were cultivated in growth chamber under day / night temperature of 20 oC/15 oC. The total quantities of irrigation water during the experiment: reduced - 28 mm; control - 39 mm. The seedlings of two butter head lettuce cultivars (cv. Mars and cv. Marsalus) were sprayed to foliage at juvenile stage of growth. The plant parameters (length, fresh weight of shoots and roots) and dry matter content were measured on 21st and 28th day after sowing. Significantly higher values of the average fresh weight and length of aboveground part and roots were measured on 28th day for the cultivar Marsalus treated with brassinosteroide analogue at concentration 1 nmol.L-1 in conditions with reduced irrigation. The results showed that treatment of plants in the initial stage of the development with 1 nmol.L-1 solution can be used to limit the consequences of reduced moisture conditions. Prior to use the most effective concentration should be taken into account which parameter of plant is expected to be changed and also the varying sensitivity of the cultivars to the treatment.
Department of Agril. Biotechnology,College of Agriculture, AICRP Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar- 3, Odisha,
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2016.v18i03.33
Key words: Piper spp, Piperaceae, HPTLC analysis, Piperine content, ISSR marker, genetic diversity analysis.
Abstract: Phytochemical and molecular characterization of Piper species was investigated. There was a wide variation of the active compounds present in leaf and fruits of different Piper species/accessions. Among the two active compounds, piperine-1 content was more in P. chaba fruit and Piperine -2 in P. nigrum fruit as compared with other species. Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) marker was also used to analyze the genetic variation between the species / accession of Piper species. The phylogenetic analysis generated by ISSR marker was divided into two major groups with 47% similarity. First major group is only one species (i.e. Piper spp. Accession -1) and also morphologically distinct from other seven species. The second groups are divided into two minor groups. Piper betle var. Godi Balunga and Piper betle var. Astarangi Balunga are grouped together with 100 % similarity at genetic level, whereas, Piper betle var. Utkal Sudhama having 97 % similarity with Piper betle var. Godi Balunga and Piper betle var. Astarangi Balunga. Both phytochemical and molecular marker was showed significant variation among and between species/accessions. This study will help for the breeding program in Piper .
Ataturk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey. Yuzuncu Y?l University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biosystem Engineering, 65080, Van, Turkey.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2016.v18i03.34
Key words: Antioxidant activity, marketable yield, mineral content, total phenolics, water productivity
Abstract: Water stress under reduced irrigation conditions affect plant physiology and hence yield and crop quality. Moreover, high altitude climatic conditions can significantly influence plant physiology. Therefore, a two year field study was conducted to determine the effects of different irrigation quantities on plant growth (leaf number, stem diameter, plant diameter and height), marketable yield, water use and crop quality attributes (mineral content, total phenolics and antioxidant activity) of drip-irrigated lettuce in a semi-arid region with a high altitude. A randomized complete block design was used for testing of different irrigation quantities replicated three times. Different irrigation quantities were adjusted considering 100 (I1), 85 (I2) and 70% (I3) of evaporated water from a Class A pan. Lettuce evapotranspiration was the highest in the I1 treatment (214.1 mm) considering the two year average values. Therefore, the I1 treatment provided the maximum growth and marketable yield (2.17 kg m-2). Water use efficiency was also the highest in the I1 treatment (10.2 kg m-3) because the lettuce yield decreased significantly with the decreasing irrigation quantity. However, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in lettuce leaves were the highest in the I3 treatment. Moreover, I2 and I3 treatments provided higher mineral contents. While the potassium content in leaves was the most abundant among macro minerals (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, and Na), manganese content was the highest among micro minerals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, and B). It could be said that lettuce can be irrigated with less irrigation quantities for obtaining higher mineral contents, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity. This application can also provide water saving but cannot induce water productivity.
Department of Life Sciences, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2016.v18i03.35
Key words: Barleria, molecular marker, rbcL, matK, RAPD
Abstract: Many species of Barleria genus are used in folkore medicine and the biological effects of their compounds have been validated. Molecular identification of Barleria would be a valuable tool for its identification. In the present study, partial gene sequences of rbcL and matK were amplified and sequenced for four Barleria species namely B. cristata, B. prattaensis, B. cuspidata and B. prionitis. The divergence patterns of rbcL, matK gene sequences and their 2-locus combinations revealed discrimination from genera to subgenera level. Further, Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to assess genetic relationships between the species. The banding pattern and dendrograms constructed showed divergence in all the four species.