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Journal of Applied Horticulture Selected Contents of Year
Sheren A. Atala, Noura A. Gad El-Rab, M. EL-M. Saad and M.A. Saleh
Postharvest and Handling of Vegetable Crops Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt. Corresponding e-mail: alinora362@yahoo.com
Abstract: This study was carried out during the 2023 and 2024 seasons, to study the effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), potassium permanganate (KMnO4), silica gel, 1-MCP + silica gel and KMnO4 + silica gel compared with control treatment on physical and chemical changes which may occur during mixed load of cantaloupe fruits cv. Primal Galia type and carrot roots cv. Laguna throughout storage at 5°C and 90-95 % relative humidity for 28 days. The results indicated that all treatments were superior to control treatment in maintaining quality attributes and extending the storability of fruits and roots. However, KMnO4 + silica gel was the most effective treatment in reducing weight loss, color change, O2 consumption, CO2 and ethylene production and maintaining the firmness and total soluble solids of fruits and roots. In addition, delaying the ripening of cantaloupe fruits, reducing the increase of total carotenoid content of fruits, reducing isocoumarin accumulation and gave carrot roots without any bitterness until the end of the storage period. Also, gave an excellent appearance and did not exhibit any changes in the appearance of fruits and roots until the end of the storage period. On the other hand, control treatment gave an unsalable appearance of fruits and roots at the end of storage.
R. Swamy Sekhar1* and S. Kundu2
1Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Anantharajupeta-516105, Andhra Pradesh, India. 2Department of Fruit Science, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741252, Nadia, West Bengal, India. Corresponding e-mail: swamysekhar88@gmail.com
Abstract: The genetic diversity of acid lime was analyzed across one hundred genotypes in twelve West Bengal districts, using 22 quantitative characters for characterization. The data was statistically processed for descriptive, hierarchical cluster, discriminate, correlation and principal component analysis. Descriptive analysis revealed a prominent variation in all quantitative characters among different lime collections, with wide variations recorded in eleven quantitative characters (fruit weight, rind thickness, vesicle length, juice weight, juice volume, juice percentage, number of seeds per fruit, seed weight, seed length, seed width and non-reducing sugars). Ward’s cluster analysis divided 100 lime genotypes into 5 clusters. Canonical discriminant function revealed that the major characters responsible for such clustering were fruit weight, vesicle length, seed length and seed width. PCA resulted in 9 components with a cumulative variance of 78.40 %. The biplot clarified the relation between genotypes and variables and the fruit characters distributed in the biplot contributed a considerable role to the differentiation of acid lime genotypes.
R. Hoque1,M. Kachari2*,S. Gogoi1 and I. Sarma1
1Department of Horticulture, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India. 2CHFSR, Nalbari, Assam Agricultural University, India. Corresponding e-mail: manisha.kachari@gmail.com
Abstract: Underutilized leafy vegetables are essential for a balanced human diet, offering vital micronutrients, vitamins and minerals, but they lack national or global recognition due to limited commercial exploration. This research aimed to standardize production techniques and ensure the availability of planting material for commercial cultivation. The experiment focused on three lesser-known leafy vegetables of Assam: Masundari, Pirali paleng, and Xoru manimuni, using treatments of N1: 1 node, N2: 3 nodes, N3: 5 nodes cutting size, and H1: distilled water, H2: 25 ppm, H3: 50 ppm, H4: 75 ppm IBA concentration to assess growth performance in both nursery and main field conditions. The results indicated that 5-node cuttings treated with 75 ppm IBA, followed by 50 ppm, showed the best growth performance in terms of rooting, growth, and yield parameters with the highest benefit-cost ratio, making this treatment highly effective for large-scale propagation and commercial cultivation.
Pooja Pahal1, Indu Arora1*, Vinod Kumar Batra1, Anil Kumar2, Renu Fandan1, Ravi Gautam1 and Sudesh1
1Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, CCS HAU, Hisar-125004, Haryana. 2Department of Nematology, College of Agriculture, CCS HAU, Hisar-125004, Haryana. Corresponding e-mail: induarora1984@gmail.com
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2025.v27i01.08
Key words: Tomato grafting, fruit quality, rootstocks, root-knot nematode
Abstract: The experiment aimed to assess grafting effects on the tomato fruit quality in root-knot nematode-infested conditions in polytunnel cultivation. Three screened resistant brinjal rootstocks against nematode were used as rootstock for tomato grafting with three different scions viz. Hisar Arun, Arka Rakshak and Pusa Rohini. Different biochemical parameters were evaluated using the ripened fruits of tomato and the grafted plants had significantly increased T.S.S. content by 9.84 to 13.5 % and ascorbic acid content by 6.03 to 23.2 %. In contrast, the acidity of tomatoes decreased by 8.6 to 18.8 % as compared to non-grafted tomato plants. Among all treatments, R19 and R20 rootstocks grafted with Arka Rakshak performed best for fruit quality characters.
Nidhi Parmar and Viraj Roghelia
Laboratory of Foods and Nutrition, P.G. Department of Home Science, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar-388120, Gujarat, India. Corresponding e-mail: viraj_roghelia@spuvvn.edu
Abstract: The present study focused on the development and analysis of edible film using corn starch (CS), raw banana starch (BS) and taro root starch (TS). The starch was extracted from raw material and was evaluated for bulk density, tapped density, water-holding capacity, oil-holding capacity, dispersibility and colour analysis. Edible films were developed from as such starch namely, (CS, TS, BS) and different blending of starches, namely CBS 40:60, CBS 50:50, CTS 40:60, and CTS 50:50, by casting method using sorbitol as a plasticizer. The developed films were analyzed for thickness, solubility, transparency, colour, tensile strength, elongation at break, Young’s modulus, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The starch analysis revealed significant variation in bulk density, tapped density, water and oil holding properties, dispersibility, and brightness, in order corn starch> raw banana starch> taro root starch. The thickness of developed edible films ranged from 0.180 mm to 0.215 mm, and solubility from 32.756 to 72.453%. Among all the developed films, CBS 50:50 film had significantly higher transparency (0.678) after corn starch film (0.908), whereas, taro root starch-based film had the lowest transparency (0.388). The blending of raw banana starch with corn starch showed better mechanical properties among the developed films. Overall, the CBS 50:50 blend demonstrated the most favourable properties for edible film and holds great potential for use in biodegradable, edible packaging solutions.
1Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University. Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh. 2Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural. University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh. 3Department of Agroforestry and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla. Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh. 4Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA. Corresponding e-mail: jasimhort@sau.edu.bd
Abstract: Salinity is an important concern for crop production, especially in dry areas and gibberellic acid has shown promise in improving salinity tolerance. The purpose of this research was to examine the ability of gibberellic acid (GA3) to mitigate salinity stress in tomato plants. The experiment used BARI Hybrid Tomato-5 to investigate the effects of two GA3 dosages (0 and 100 ppm) on plant growth, physiology, and yield parameters in normal and stressed conditions (50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl). Salinity revealed a negative effect on tomato plants in terms of plant height, leaf and branch numbers, flowering and fruiting phases, and physiological features such as photosynthetic pigments, relative leaf water content, electrolyte leakage, proline content, and stomatal conductance including Na+ and K+ ions ofplants. The foliar spray of GA3 was useful in enhancing the salt tolerance of tomato plants and stimulated the growth of unstressed plants, resulting in increasing tomato yield.
P.S. Gharate1, R.G.Somkuwar2*, G.M.Waghmare3, A.S.Thutte4, P.B.. Kakade4 and P.K.Ausari5
1Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani (M.S) - 431402, India. 2ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune (M.S) - 412307, India. 3Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani (M.S) - 431402, India. 4Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri. (M.S)- 413722, India. 4Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Gwalior (MP)- 474002, India. Corresponding e-mail: rgsgrapes@gmail.com
Abstract: Fifteen colour grape varieties were evaluated for bunch and raisin parameters. Highest bunch weight (226.8 g) was noted in E-5/20 AES x BC, while Muscat Hamburg had the maximum no of berry/bunch (95.7). H-25/11 had a maximum 50 berry weight (174.6 g), and the highest carbohydrate content (395.7 mg/g). Black Champa, had the highest TSS (25.4°B), maximum raisins recovery (25.0 %), highest phenol (4.3 mg/g), tannin (5.4 mg/g) and Omania Black had the maximum amount of anthocyanin (1363.3mg/g) content. Maximum reducing sugar was found in raisins made from E-5/12 AES x BC (142.4 g/mg), while minimum reducing sugar was recorded in raisins from Rizamet (97.6 mg/g). The highest protein content in raisins was recorded in Foster Seedlings (47.3 mg/g). Based on sensory evaluation, accession Foster Seedlings and Red Muscat performed better than others. Among the accessions studied, Black Champa, Foster Seedlings and Red Muscat performed better in sub-tropical climates for raisin making.
Karishma Verma1*, Suchita V. Gupta1, Bhagyashree N. Patil1, S.D. Jadhao2
1Department of Agricultural Process Engineering, Dr. PDKV Akola-444104, Maharashtra, India. 2Department of soil science and Agricultural Chemistry, Dr. PDKV Akola-444104, Maharashtra, India. Corresponding e-mail: vermakarishma1003@gmail.com, suchitavgupta@yahoo.co.in, bhagyashreepatil21@gmail.com
Abstract: This study investigated the textural and mechanical properties of tamarind (Tamarindus indica), including all parts such as shell, pods and pulp. The tamarind underwent various tests, including the compression test, cutting test, and textural profile analysis (TPA). Textural attributes including hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, and resilience were analyzed which provides a detailed understanding of the sensory characteristics of tamarind. Standardized testing methods were used to assess the mechanical properties and illustrate significant insights into the structural integrity of tamarind. The findings indicated the variability in texture and mechanical behaviour between different parts of tamarind. This data is valuable because of its application in designing food processing machinery and product development. The highest peak force required to break the shell was 2383.809 N and the force required to cut through the pulp was 14765.195 g indicating significant resistance to deformation. The mechanical properties of the shell of tamarind help in designing suitable packaging that protects the tamarind during transportation and handling, preventing damage and spoilage. The tamarind pod demonstrated a tough texture due to the presence of seed inside the pulp and moderate adhesiveness, good springiness, and cohesiveness, contributing to chewiness and resilience. The pulp exhibited firmness, moderate adhesiveness, elasticity, and chewiness, ensuring solid texture and mouthfeel quality.
Anshul Gupta1, Renu Dhupper1 and Bhupinder Singh2*
1Amity Institute of Environmental Science, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. 2Division of Environmental Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India. Corresponding e-mail: Anshul.Gupta@icar.gov.in; rdhupper@amity.edu; bhupindersinghiari@yahoo.com
Abstract: Sulphur dioxide (SO2), belongs to a group of highly reactive gaseous pollutants “oxides of sulphur,” that are emitted into the air upon fossil fuel burning and other sulphur-containing discharges from the industry. SO2 is known to cause damage to plantations and crops by adversely affecting the productivity and the quality of the economic produce. We hypothesize that there exists an inter and intra-species variation with respect to the SO2 response, which can be exploited. To understand the SO2 tolerance of crop plants, an experiment was, thus, conducted with three varieties of tomato (Solanum lycoperscium), var. H-414, H-445, and H-226, developed by IARI, New Delhi to assess their SO2 response in terms of the growth, yield and biochemical attributes under the ambient (~7 to 25µg SO2 m-3) and enriched SO2 (ambient SO2 + ?10 to 15µg SO2 m-3). An assessment of crop utilization of SO2-S as a nutrient source suggests that the variety H-445 was the most potent, H-414 slightly able to absorb and H-226 was the least efficient. The SO2-mediated damage was observed to increase gradually following the ESO2 exposure duration in the var. H-414 as against the response in var. H-445 which showed a higher initial ESO2 damage at 0 DAE but later showed a greater recovery from 0 to 14 DAE. The SO2 enrichment of the air environment under tomato cultivation was also found to contribute towards the plant’s S-requirement in variety H-445, which promoted its vegetative growth even under the stressful environment. Besides genetic variation in SO2 tolerance in tomatoes, the results also indicate greater adaptability and tolerance in var. H-445 to an elevated SO2 stress when compared to the other experimental tomato cultivars. Identification of air pollutant tolerant cultivars across crops may help protect the productivity and quality of the major dietary crops, which are likely to be threatened by climate change in the near future.
Abstract: Litchi (Litchi chinensis S.), a major fruit crop in India, faces severe threats from the bark-eating caterpillar (Indarbela quadrinotata and Indarbela tetraonis), which can cause significant damage to trees and reduce fruit yield. Traditional control methods, such as manual removal or chemical injection using a syringe, are often labour-intensive and inefficient. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a manual hand-injector tool for effective caterpillar control in litchi orchards. The hand-injector, designed at ICAR-CIAE, Bhopal, features a flexible wire and extended nozzle that enables precise application of insecticides directly into caterpillar boreholes, minimizing operator exposure and improving safety. Field testing in litchi orchards at ICAR- National Research Centre on Litchi, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, demonstrated the tool’s effectiveness in significantly reducing caterpillar infestation across multiple litchi varieties within seven days of application. The tool proved to be highly efficient, safe, and time-saving, offering substantial drudgery reduction for farmers. This innovation represents an important advancement in mechanized pest management for litchi cultivation, providing a practical and sustainable solution to improve orchard productivity and protect crops.
V. Vishnu1, Deepa S. Nair1*, R.V. Manju2, N.S. Sonia3, K.P. Sindura4, A. Rahul1 and L.K. Akilan4
1Department of Plantation, Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic Crops, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Kerala Agricultural University, Thiruvananthapuram, India; 2Department of Plant Physiology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Kerala Agricultural University, Thiruvananthapuram, India; 3Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Padannakkad, Kerala Agricultural University, Kasaragod, India; 4Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Kerala Agricultural University, Thiruvananthapuram, India. Corresponding e-mail: deepanair.s@kau.in.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2025.v27i01.15
Key words: Chitosan, drought, photosynthetic parameters, gas exchange parameters, infrared gas analyser, drought stress
Abstract: The study, conducted at the Department of Plantation, Spices, Medicinal, and Aromatic Crops, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, aimed to assess the impact of foliar application of chitosan on photosynthetic performance in drought-stressed long pepper (Piper longum L.). Two concentrations of chitosan (0.5 and 1 g L-1) were applied to drought stress (irrigated at 60 and 75 % field capacities) and photosynthetic parameters were observed. Chitosan-treated plants, particularly at 1 g L-1 concentration, exhibited significantly higher relative water content, stomatal density, photosynthetic efficiency, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and water-use efficiency. Chitosan-treated plants also showed improved chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, chlorophyll content, and biomass yield compared to untreated controls. These findings suggest the potential of chitosan as a bio-elicitor against abiotic stresses in long pepper, warranting further research in this area.
M.A. Mir1,Ikra Manzoor1*, Ume Kulsum2, Manpreet Kaur3,Bisma Gulzar1 andSuhail Manzoor4
1Division of Fruit Science, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar-190025, India. 2Division of Agricultural Statistics, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar-190025, India. 3Division of Botany, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141027, India. 4Division of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar-190025, India. Corresponding e-mail: manzoorikra@gmail.com
Abstract: The ‘Colt’ is a triploid hybrid of P. avium and P. pseudocerasus L. grown as a cherry rootstock because of its resistance to cherry stem pitting (a debilitating virus disease), Phytophthora root rot, bacterial canker and gopher damage. The current study was carried out using two types of explants: forced (F1) and unforced (F2) shoots tips. Five types of sterilants were used to sterilize explants: 10% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 10 minutes (S1), 0.1% mercuric chloride (HgCl2) for 5 minutes (S2), ethyl alcohol for 10 seconds (S3), (S1) + (S3) and (S2) + (S3). During culture establishment, six growth regulator regimes viz., BA (benzyl adenine) (0.20), (0.40) and (0.60) and BA+IBA (Indole-3-butyric acid) (0.20+0.01), (0.40+0.01), and (0.60+0.01) mg/L, two media i.e., MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) and WPM (Woody Plant Medium) were utilized. During shoot proliferation, MS & WPM culture medium with growth regulators viz., BA (0.20), (0.40) and (0.60), BA+IBA (0.20+0.01), (0.40+0.01) and (0.60+0.01) mg/L were used respectively. During rhizogenesis in different media (MS & WPM), various levels of IBA (0.50, 1.00, 1.50 and 2.00 mg/L) were used. The superior rooted plants were hardened in sand & cocopeat, respectively. In this experiment, maximum culture asepsis (%) obtained in unforced shoot tips(F2) with (S5), maximum explant survival (%) in forced shoot tips (F1) with (S4), and highest establishment (%) with MS medium, BA (0.6) mg/L & in forced shoot tips (F1). Significantly higher shoot proliferation is obtained with MS medium with BA (0.6) mg/L, maximum shoot number & length in WPM medium with BA (0.2) mg/L. A significantly higher rooting percentage was obtained in an MS medium with IBA (1.00) mg/L and maximum ex vitro survival (%) in cocopeat.
Shabnam Pangtu1, Puja Sharma1, Sita Ram Dhiman1, Mast Ram Dhiman2, Bharati Kashyap1 and Rohit Chhabra3
1Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP, India, 2ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) Regional Station, Katrain, Kullu Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India. 3Department of Botany and Environment Science, DAV University Jalandhar, Punjab. Corresponding e-mail: shabnam.pangtu34@gmail.com
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2025.v27i01.16
Key words: Value addition, genotypes, ornamental, tinting, dye
Abstract: Tinting is a crucial technique for enhancing the visual appeal of flowers and increasing their market value. This study aimed to standardize the use and concentration of food dyes for tinting various ornamental kale genotypes. Conducted at Dr. YS Parmar UHF in Nauni, Solan, H.P., the research focused on assessing how different food dyes and their concentrations influenced coloration. In this experiment, three genotypes (Kt OK-2, Kt DH-19, and Nagoya) were tinted with food dyes at two concentrations viz., 3% and 5% for 24 hours. The results revealed that tinting with Apple Green dye for 24 hours achieved the maximum vase life, the shortest time to visible colour appearance, and the lowest dye solution uptake. Overall, all the dyes proved effective for tinting Ornamental Kale. Among the genotypes, 'Kt OK-2' produced the most visually appealing results. Thus, tinted stems provide a wider spectrum of colours while boosting the product’s market value, offering increased financial benefits to florists through value addition.
Neizohunuo and Laxuman Sharma*
Department of Horticulture, Sikkim University, 6th Mile, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim – 737102, India. Corresponding e-mail: lsharma@cus.ac.in
Abstract: The present study was carried out to investigate the physico-chemical parameters of five cultivars of Kiwifruit (Abbott, Allison, Bruno, Hayward and Monty) grown in different states of India (Sikkim, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh). Physico-chemical analyses such as fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit length, fruit volume, fruit density, fuzziness, TSS, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar and total sugar were determined. The physico-chemical properties of the fruits showed significant variations amongst cultivars and the locations of cultivation. Fruit weight was in the range of 42.38g in cv. Abbot grown in Himachal Pradesh to 95.84 g in cv. Bruno grown in Arunachal Pradesh. Fruit diameter was as high as 168 mm in cv. Hayward grown in Sikkim. Fruit length of 112 mm was observed as the highest in Cv. Bruno grown in Arunachal Pradesh. TSS was in the range of 11.16 oB in Cv. Monty collected from Himachal Pradesh to 17.03 oB in cv. Allison collected from Arunachal Pradesh. The variations in ascorbic were in the range of 80 mg (cv. Abott grown in Himachal Pradesh) to 112.26 mg/100g (cv. Bruno grown in Himachal Pradesh). All the cultivars under study had a narrow range of total sugar (11.26%- 12.99 %). Overall, the results revealed an appreciable quality of fruits grown in North East India at par with the commercially known kiwi-growing state of Himachal Pradesh. Almost all the physico-chemical parameters taken during the present studies were found to be at par with reported data of marketable fruits from different parts of the world, which reveals the standard quality of kiwifruits grown in India. More studies can be undertaken to establish the physico-chemical markers to identify the source of fruit.
R.M. Yani Abikresna Junanto, Sri Darmanti* and Yulita Nurchayati
Biology Department, Science and Mathematics Faculty, Diponegoro University, Prof. Soedarto, SH. Street, Tembalang, Semarang, Central Java 50275, Indonesia. Corresponding e-mail: darmantisri@yahoo.co.id
Abstract: The study aimed to determine the effect of a combination of drought stress and nano-silica treatments to increase the content of antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activity of lemongrass [Cymbopogon citratus (DC. ex Nees) Stapf] and determine the optimal combination. The research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors with 5 replications. The first factor was the level of drought stress (without drought stress, moderate, and severe). The second factor was the nano-silica dose, (0 mg/L, 125 mg/L, and 250 mg/L) with a volume of 10 mL per plant. The parameters measured were carotenoid content, proline content, total phenolics content, and antioxidant activity. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that there is a specific combination of drought stress and nano-silica which can increase the content of carotenoids, proline, total phenolics, and antioxidant activity in lemongrass. The treatment of moderate and severe drought stress with 125 and 250 mg/L nano-silica increased the carotenoid and proline content maximally. Higher total phenol content and antioxidant activity were obtained from the combination of 250 mg/L nano-silica without drought stress. The highest chlorophyll content was recorded from the combination of severe drought stress and 250 mg/L nano-silica. Drought stress treatment with 250 mg/L nano-silica could increase the antioxidants of lemongrass plants, but maximum production of antioxidants required different combinations of drought stress and nano-silica treatments. Nano-silica treatment at a dose of 250 mg/L in conditions of sufficient water or lack of water can be an optimal combination treatment in lemongrass cultivation.
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