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Journal of Applied Horticulture Selected Contents of Year
1Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of El Oued, Algeria. 2Laboratory of Biodiversity and Application of Biotechnology in the Agricultural Field. Algeria. Corresponding e-mail: smailacila@gmail.com
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2024.v26i04.78
Key words: Quinoa, seed germination, seedling growth, salt stress, salt tolerance, cultivar variation
Abstract: This study investigated the impact of salt stress on seed germination and early seedling growth in five quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivars. Seeds were subjected to sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations ranging from 0 to 205 mM. The Blanca de Junin cultivar exhibited superior performance, maintaining 100 % germination even at 205 mM NaCl, while Amarilla Sacaca showed the lowest germination percentage (63.75 %) at this concentration. Germination energy at 205 mM NaCl ranged from 92.5 % in Blanca de Junin to 56.25 % in Amarilla Sacaca. Seedling length reductions at 205 mM NaCl varied from 44.76 % in Blanca de Junin to 71.29 % in Salcedo. Radicle length decreased by 31.68-73.16 % under severe salt stress. The results highlight significant variability in salt tolerance among quinoa cultivars, with Blanca de Junin demonstrating robust salt tolerance during germination and seedling stages. These findings provide valuable insights for breeding salt-tolerant quinoa varieties and expanding cultivation to salt-affected regions, contributing to food security and sustainable agriculture in marginal lands.
R.L. Bhardwaj*, K. Choudhary, Kiran Hingoniya, Priyanka, Anita Sharma and Jaydeep Meena
College of Agriculture, Sumerpur-Pali (Rajasthan) 306 902, India. Corresponding e-mail: rajubhardwaj3@gmail.com
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2024.v26i04.79
Key words: Aloe vera gel, coating, fruit firmness, physio-chemical properties, shelf-life
Abstract: An experiment was accomplished to examine the coating effect of calcium chloride (CaCl2) and Aloe vera gel on postharvest shelf life and physico-chemical quality of highly perishable spine gourd (Momordica dioica Roxb.) fruits. Nine possible combinations of three levels of calcium chloride (10, 20, and 30%) and Aloe vera gel (10, 20, and 30%) were used for fruit coating in three replications. Fresh spine gourd fruits, which were treated with 30 percent of CaCl2 and A. vera gel, showed significant (P<0.05) lower values of physiological loss in weight, fruit decay percent, colour development of fruits and total soluble solids. Conversely, fruit firmness, titratable acidity, organoleptic score, shelf-life duration and marketability were retained on the higher side in the same treatment. The marketability of the spine gourd fruits treated with CaCl2 and A. vera gel at 30 percent was higher (85.63%) than those treated with the lower concentration and control. Therefore, observations suggested that by applying CaCl2 and Aloe vera gel at 30 percent, the shelf-life of spine gourd fruit can be achieved up to 20 days with notable retention of the physico-chemical quality of fruits.
Most. Shamima Khatun, Nazrul Islam and Shormin Choudhury*
Department of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh. Corresponding e-mail: shormin2000@gmail.com
Abstract: A study was conducted to determine the effect of pretreatment and different drying methods on the antioxidant activities and physicochemical properties of bitter gourd powder. The treatments used were: Un-blanched: (no treatment), hot water blanching (80oC for 5 min), potassium metabisulphite treated (KMS 0.4% for 5min) with three drying methods viz., sun dry (72 h), oven dry(65oC 24h), micro oven dry (500 w for 5 min). The result revealed that the maximum phenol content (16.44, 14.38 and 12.53 mg/100g GAE) and total carotenoid content (25.55, 22.58 and 21.41 mg/100g) was in KMS-treated micro oven dried treatment at 1, 2 and 3 months after storage respectively. However, vitamin C (20.48.19.06 and 17.93mg/100 g) and DPPH scavenging activity (90.65, 84.42 and 81.14 %) was found in KMS-treated oven-dried treatment at 1, 2 and 3 months after storage, respectively. It can be concluded that KMS-treated microwave-assisted convective drying of bitter gourd reduced loss of quality attributes while retaining better color and quality characteristics.
1Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences BP. 2121, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, 93002 Tetouan, Morocco. 2Biology, Ecology and Health Laboratory (code: UAE/U08 Faculty of Sciences, BP. 2121, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco), and the National Federation Associations of Healers and Practitioners of Medicine, The Ministry of Public Health of Chad, N’Djamena, Republic of Chad. 3Laboratory of Biology and Health, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences BP. 2121, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, 93002 Tetouan, Morocco. Corresponding e-mail: ibtissam.boussaoudi@etu.uae.ac.ma
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2024.v26i04.81
Key words: Bay leaves, Laurus nobilis L., conservation, in vitro and in vivo culture, Morocco
Abstract: The study explored seed germination and propagation through cutting in Laurus nobilis L. with a focus on in vitro and in vivo regeneration techniques for multiplication and sustainable conservation of diversity in the species. Seed germination was achieved through pre-soaking for 7 days, followed by cold stratification at -4 °C for 50 days. The results showed that seed imbibition greatly increased germination rates (65%), however, germination in sand (14%), and peat (12%) was less successful. Imbibed seeds had a greater seedling survival rate (40%) in peat attaining better plant height. The in vitro germination of wild Moroccan L. nobilis was accomplished by scarification of kernels with sulphuric acid (34 N). Seedlings from whole fruits had the best survival rate (33.33%), followed by kernels (25%). Micropropagation of twigs using MS media with kinetin and indole-3-acetic acid proved efficient, providing useful methods for the domestication and conservation of L. nobilis .
Greeshma Baby*, M. Rafeekher, K.B. Soni, I. Priya Kumari, C.R. Reshmi, A. Sheenaand M. Abdul Rahman
Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvanthapuram, Kerala-695522, India. Corresponding e-mail: greeshmavembenickal@gmail.com
Abstract: A study was conducted at the College of Agriculture, Vellayani, on Echinodorus grisebachii, a common aquatic plant widely used in aquascaping. The study aimed to develop an effective micropropagation protocol for E. grisebachii. Eleven treatments were applied for surface sterilization, twenty-six media combinations were tested for the establishment and shoot induction, fourteen treatments were evaluated for root initiation, and six different hardening media were trialed. An effective protocol was successfully developed through these experiments. The stem node explant was successfully sterilized using mercuric chloride 0.05%. The shoot initiation was achieved within a week using MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg L?¹ BAP, and the best rooting was achieved in ½ MS medium containing 3.0 mg L?¹ IBA. Aqua soil was the best hardening media with the highest survival rates and enhanced shoot and leaf production. The developed micropropagation protocol has the potential for large-scale production and can help satisfy export quality and quantity.
Samah Rahmani1* and Nacer Tarai1,2
1Departement of Agricultural Science, Laboratory of Ecosystems Diversity and Agricultural Production System Dynamics in Arid Zones (DEDSPAZA), Mohamed Khider University, BP 145 RP, 07000 Biskra, Algeria. 2DSCAIARA laboratory, Mohamed Khider University, BP 145 RP, 07000 Biskra, Algeria. Corresponding e-mail: samah.rahmani@univ-biskra.dz
Abstract: Capsicum annum, one of the most important subsistence greenhouse vegetable crops in the Biskra region, has been destroyed by the more damaging pest M. persicae. Biological control using aqueous extracts of medicinal plants could be a viable alternative for decreasing the use of chemical products. The current study aims to assess the larvicidal activity of the aerial component of Ruta graveolens L. on green peach aphid larvae M. persicae via contact. Three concentrations with four replications were applied to M. persicae larvae, and corrected mortality was measured after 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours. The results showed that an aqueous extract of R. graveolens was effective on M. persicae sulzer at 5, 10 and 20% concentrations with a 97% mortality rate after 72 hours with the 20% dose. The value of the current work is that an aqueous extract of R. graveolens was poisonous to the green peach aphid; these findings can help to produce biopesticide.
Kiran Patnaik*, SN Dash1, PC Pradhan2, Pratichee Mohapatra1 and Pradyot Nayak1
1Department of Fruit Science and Horticulture Technology, O.U.A.T., Bhubaneswar, 751003. 2Precision Farming Development Centre, O.U.A.T., Bhubaneswar. Corresponding e-mail: kiranpatnaik71@gmail.com
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2024.v26i04.84
Key words: Pineapple, fertigation, black polythene mulch, yield-attributing parameters
Abstract: The present study evaluated the effect of different levels of fertigation with and without black polythene mulch on the yield and physico-chemical characteristics of the pineapple variety “Simhachalam”. The study was conducted on plant and ratoon crops at Precision Farming Development Centre, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India. The experiment followed a randomized block design with seven treatments replicated three times. Treatments included 100, 80 and 60 % of the recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) applied through fertigation with and without black polythene mulch and a control (100 % RDF applied conventionally without mulch). In the planted crop, fertigation at 100 % RDF with black polythene mulch produced the highest fruit weight without crown (1028.2 g), fruit length (18.4 cm), fruit circumference (37.5 cm), pulp weight (810.2 g), and yield (55.9 t/ha). Additionally, the 80% RDF with mulch treatment achieved the highest T.S.S (15.2 °Brix), T.S.S: titratable acidity ratio (40.1), reducing sugar (4.5%), and total sugar (12.3%). The highest benefit-cost ratio (2.17) was also recorded with 100% RDF and mulch. Similar trends were observed in the ratoon crop. Fertigation at 100% RDF with mulch resulted in the highest fruit weight without crown (932.7 g), fruit length (17.7 cm), fruit circumference (35.3 cm), pulp weight (732.8 g), and yield (46.8 t/ha). The 80% RDF with mulch treatment maintained the highest T.S.S (15.2 °Brix), T.S.S: titratable acidity ratio (33.8), reducing sugar (4.6%), and total sugar (12.1%). The benefit-cost ratio was highest (2.86) for 100% RDF with mulch. Treatments without mulch generally showed lower yields and poorer quality parameters than mulched treatments. The control treatment (conventional method without mulch) also demonstrated significantly lower performance across most parameters. These findings suggest that adopting fertigation with black polythene mulch, even at reduced fertilizer levels (80% RDF), significantly improves yield and quality parameters in pineapple cultivation, making it a cost-effective and productive approach.
Sameena1*, V. Bharathi2, B. Vidya Sagar1 andK. Sankari Meena3,
1Department of Plant Pathology, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, Telangana -500030, 2Department of Plant Pathology, Seed Research and Technology Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana-500030, 3Department of Nematology, ICAR- Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad, Telangana-500030. Corresponding e-mail: sameenask30@gmail.com
Abstract: The present study focused on identifying the native virulent Fusarium sp. associated with tomato (Solanum lycopersicon Mill) cv. ArkaVikas and to investigate its synergistic interaction with root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in inducing wilt complex in tomato under pot culture conditions. The virulent isolate was identified as F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici through molecular characterization. TF-4 isolate was the most virulent strain among five tested isolates, exhibiting highest wilt incidence (85%) in tomato plants. Sequential inoculation of M. incognita followed by F. oxysporum exacerbated plant damage, with maximum wilt incidence recorded at 72.50%. It’s imperative to study the role of nematodes as a predisposing factor in increasing Fusarium wilt severity in tomato.
Ngwang Mercy Veyeh1, Tofel Haman Katamssadan2,3 and Tonjock Rosemary Kinge1*
1Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Science, the University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39, Bambili, Northwest Region, Cameroon. 2Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, the University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39, Bambili, Northwest Region, Cameroon. 3Higher Institute of Agriculture, Wood, Water Resources and Environment (ISABEE), the University of Bertoua, P.O. Box 60 Belabo, East Region Cameroon. Corresponding e-mail: rosemary32us@yahoo.com
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2024.v26i04.86
Key words: Biodiversity, conservation, pure culture, spawn, wild mushrooms
Abstract: This study aimed to conserve the rich biodiversity of wild mushrooms in Abongfen Forest by domesticating selected species for year-round availability and protection from extinction. Six mushrooms collected (Laetiporus sulphureus,Phellinus sp,Inonotus obliquus, Pleurotus sajor-caju, Stereum sp. and Pleurotus ostreatus) were cultured in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) to obtain pure cultures and mother spawn which was subsequently domesticated. Each mushroom species was cultivated in a completely randomized design with four treatments: sawdust (50%) mixed with maize cobs (50%), palm cones (100%), sawdust (100%) and beans straw (100%), all supplemented with rice brand (10%) and quick lime in eight replicates. Maize cobs were ground in an electric mill while palm cones and bean straws were reduced with a sharp knife to smaller sizes (1-3cm long) and soaked overnight in tap water. Excess water was drained using a sieve to 65% moisture content. Each portion was well mixed on a clean, cemented floor using a clean spade. 2.0 kg of each composition was filled into 25 x 15 cm polypropylene bags and sterilized in a drum for 4 hours. After cooling, each bag was inoculated with three table spoonsful of spawn, incubated at room temperature 25±2 oC and the spawn run was observed until fully colonized. The days of colonization, primordial initiation and harvesting were noted. The fruit bodies on each bag were counted and weighed (g) after harvesting to determine the yield. Pleurotus sajor-caju, Pleurotus ostreatus and Laetiporus sulphureus colonized the substrate, but only Pleurotus grew and produced fruit bodies. Mycelial colonization was higher on beans straw (31.60 ± 2.46 days). The mean diameter of pileus (24.70±0.94 cm) and, average number of fruiting bodies (4.5±1.2) and weight of fruit bodies (95.20 ± 2.58 g) were best on maize cobs mixed with sawdust. Wild edible mushrooms need to be domesticated to ensure their availability for food and medicine and to provide a source of income.
Rajeshvaridevi R. Jasani1*, S.J. Patil2, M.A. Patel3 and B.M. Tandel1
1Department of Fruit Science, ASPEE College of Horticulture, NAU, Navsari, Gujarat, India. 2N.M.C.A, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India. 3Department of Floriculture, ASPEE College of Horticulture, NAU, Navsari, Gujarat, India. Corresponding e-mail: rajeshvarijasani@gmail.com
Abstract: The study was conducted at the Regional Horticultural Research Station of ASPEE College of Horticulture, Navsari Agricultural University, Gujarat, India to see the impact of organic seed priming on germination and viability of Khirni (Manilkara hexandra)seeds. The experiment following a Completely Randomized Design was implemented with four replications, featuring five diverse treatments: 3% solution of cow dung solution, 3% concentration cow urine solution, 3% Bijamrut, 3% Amritpani and water (control). The seeds treated with 3% Bijamrut for 72 hours had the highest germination and survival rates and were quickest to germinate. In addition, the best results were obtained for key growth metrics such as leaf area ratio, leaf area index, crop growth rate, emergence rate index and Bartlett’s rate index. The results show that Bijamrut is effective for both early growth and general vigour of Khirni seedlings and should therefore be considered to improve the establishment of Khirni seedlings.
Abstract: The experiment was carried out during rabi season 2020-21 and 2021-22 at the Instructional farm, Department of Horticulture, AU, Jodhpur to study the effect of water regimes, plot configuration and mulching on growth and economics of onion (Allium cepa L.). The experiment was laid out in Split-Split Plot Design with three replications. Three factors were studied in this experiment: Main factor A), water regimes included three levels (I1- 1.0 IW/CPE, I2- 0.8 IW/CPE and I3- 0.6 IW/CPE ratio) and two sub-factors A) land configuration include two levels (B1- Flat bed configuration and B2- Raised bed configuration), and B) Mulching include four levels (M1- No-mulch, M2- Black mulch, M3- Silver-black mulch and M4- White-black mulch). The results showed that the maximum number of leaves per plant, neck diameter, bolting percent, net returns and B:C ratio were recorded under 1.0 IW/CPE, raised bed configuration and black mulch. The earliest maturity was recorded under 0.6 IW/CPE, flat bed configuration and no mulch.
Byungsoon Kim1*, Myung Hwan Jang1 and Ilkyeun Ra2
1Department of Computer Education, Andong National University, Gyungbook, South Korea. Punggi Ginseng Research Institute, Gyungbook, South Korea. 2Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Colorado, United States. Corresponding e-mail: bsgim@anu.ac.kr
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2024.v26i04.89
Key words: Ginseng, heat stress, air circulation, leaf temperature
Abstract: Due to climate change, there have been more frequent heat waves and a notable rise in global temperature. This change hinders ginseng’s cultivation, a crop that grows well in cooler and shaded environments. This study evaluated the effectiveness of air-circulation fans in alleviating heat stress and lowering the leaf temperatures when cultivating ginseng. The experiment defined two groups of environments i.e., control and an experimental group. The experimental environment monitored the impact of fan activation, which occurred when the temperature exceeded 30°C. The control, however, does not consist of fans. We monitored three sets of data: ambient, leaf temperatures, and humidity levels, using a custom data acquisition system. The experimental results indicated that the leaf temperature decreased more markedly than the relative temperature decline, attributed to a minor increase in relative humidity induced by the flow fan. The experiment results presented a more significant decrease in leaf temperature with an average of 0.65 °C among the experimental group compared to the control group due to an increase in relative humidity. Through the Mann-Whitney U test, we confirmed a meaningful difference in the temperature and humidity distribution between the experimental and control groups when fans were activated. Such results indicate that air-circulation fans can be an effective temperature mitigation instrument for relieving heat stress in farming ginseng. The research enhances ginseng farming conditions by mitigating the risk of rising temperatures and further contributes to sustainable agriculture.
Prahlad Deb*, Madhu Kumar, Pradipto Kumar Mukherjee and Agniva Halder
Department of Horticulture and Postharvest Technology, Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan - 731236, West Bengal. Corresponding e-mail: debprld@yahoo.com
Abstract: Indian date palm (Phoenix sylvestris Roxb.) is one of the important nutritious, naturally abundant, potentially underutilized rain-fed fruit of the western dry tract of West Bengal available in the natural vegetation. Considering the diversity of the crop under this region, the present study aimed to study genetic diversity using multivariate analysis based on fruit physico-chemical and antioxidative properties of fifteen wild date palm accessions (P-1 to P-15) from natural vegetation of different locations from Bolpur Sriniketan Block under the Birbhum district during the year 2022 and 2023. The Indian date palm accessions exhibited wide ranges of variation in different fruit physico-chemical and antioxidative properties. The significant and high positive correlation of fruit weight with fruit size (length, diameter), pulp weight, seed weight, seed length and seed diameter were noted within Indian date palm accessions. A fairly positive correlation was observed between fruit weight, spadix girth, TSS, and total sugar. Similarly, fruit diameter was positively correlated with spadix girth, TSS, total sugar and reducing sugar. Pulp weight had a high positive correlation with TSS and total sugar. UPGMA clustering of date palm accessions has shown three major clusters. The eigenvalue and Eigenvector have exhibited five major principal components, of which the first principal component (PC1) contributed a maximum of 49.5% towards total variability. Bi-Plot also confirms the variability and the association of different characteristics within Indian date palm accessions.
Andini Hanif1,2*, Suryo Wiyono1, Abdul Munif1 and Sri Hendrastuti Hidayat1
1Departement of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Jl. Kamper Babakan Dramaga, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia. 2Departement of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Jl. Kapten Muchtar Basri 3, Medan 20238, North Sumatera, Indonesia. Corresponding e-mail: andinihanif@umsu.ac.id
Abstract: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (Foc) in bulb is a source of inoculum for Fusarium basal rot disease of shallot. This research aimed to determine the transmission efficiency of Foc carried by bulb of shallot to plants and the relationship between shallot variety and soil origin with the efficiency of pathogen transmission. This research used two varieties of shallots ‘Batu Ijo’ and ‘Bima’, with six different seed lots. The bulbs of shallot were tested for seed health using the blotter test and growing on test methods and tested for transmission efficiency on several sources of soil. The results showed a correlation between the infection of Foc in the bulbs of shallot and the incidence of basal rot on shallot plants. The results also showed a relationship between plant varieties and soil properties on the efficiency of Foc transmission to shallot bulbs. Shallot varieties that are resistant to Fusarium basal rot disease have lower transmission efficiency of Foc bulbs compared to susceptible varieties. The study also revealed that soil from Samosir, which had higher nitrogen and clay content, along with a larger population of soil microorganisms, showed increased suppression of Fusarium basal rot disease. This, in turn, helped reduce the transmission efficiency of Foc in shallot bulbs.
S.M. Abd Elwahab, A.M. Abdallatif*, and S.A.E. El-Saeed
Abstract: Maturity at harvest is crucial for determining the quality of apricot fruit, a highly perishable crop with limited storage potential. The study aims to extend the storage life and preserve the quality of "Amal" apricots through various pre-harvest treatments. Pre-harvest application of spermidine at 1 mmol, salicylic acid at 1 mmol and sodium nitroprusside at 25µm were done at 15 or 30 days before harvesting. The treated fruits were packed and stored for up to 7 weeks at 5°C and 90–95 % R.H.; fruit quality parameters were evaluated at harvest and every 7 weeks. Results showed that weight loss, total soluble solids, maturity index, total sugars content, respiration rate and total carotenoids increased whereas, firmness, total acidity, and total phenols, decreased by increasing storage periods. The obtained results showed the efficacy of pre-harvest spermidine treatment followed by salicylic acid and then sodium nitroprusside in delaying fruit maturation and maintaining fruit quality. The study suggests that these treatments might be promising for maintaining apricot fruit quality and extending storage life and marketing of apricot.
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