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Department of Botany, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 024, India.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2020.v22i01.16
Key words: Hypocotyl, epicotyl, plant regeneration, H2SO4, polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
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Abstract: This study demonstrates the morphogenic potential of Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb, a traditional medicinal plant of the family Fabaceae/ Caesalpinaceae. The present study was designed to examine the effect of phytohormones on plant regeneration from epicotyl and hypocotyl explants of C. bonduc. The dormancy of the seeds was overcomed by acid scarification.. Of the two explants tested, 92 percent frequency of shoot regeneration and maximum number of shoots (3.6 ± 0.3), were noticed from the epicotyl explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with 6-benzyladenine (BA) 3.0 mg/L, Indole– 3- acetic acid (IAA) 1.0 mg/L and Poly vinyl pyrrolidone 100 mg/L at pH 5.8. Elongated shoots were individually rooted on half strength MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/L Indole -3-butric acid (IBA) and exhibited 93 % frequency of root development. The in vitro raised plantlets were potted and acclimatized under culture condition for four weeks and transferred to the green house. This efficient protocol will be helpful for propagation of woody climber plants belongs to the family Caesalpinaceae and could be used for genetic transformation study.
Department of Nano Science & Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India. Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan 5025001, Israel.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i03.29
Key words: Microarray, Polygalacturonase, Gene expression, Abscission, Tomato, abscission-zone, Breeding, RT-PCR.
Abstract: Abscission of plant organs is a key process during plant life cycle and prerequisite factor involved in limiting the spread of disease, shedding of un-pollinated flowers and facilitates dispersal of seeds. In agricultural context, abscission may become a major limiting factor for crop productivity. The organs abscise at a specific position called abscission zone (AZ) and it is one of the prime traits to be manipulated during the crop improvement process towards the selection of reduced abscission lines. The tomato abscission polygalacturonase (TAPG) genes are abscission induced polygalacturonases and specifically induced in the AZ, which plays a major role in AZ separation. The current study had accentuated to identify the entire polygalacturonase gene families in tomato AZs, through AZ specific customized microarray. The results revealed that TAPG1, 2, 5, 7 and TPG6, PS2 genes were specifically induced and continuously over-expressed linearly along with abscission progression in tomato flower AZ. Similarly, the same set of genes were up-regulated upon abscission induction at the early hours (24 h) in the leaf AZ, indicating potential involvement in organ abscission. Our study provides new insights for the regulation of the early events in the process of tomato organ abscission and a novel trait for molecular breeding.
Mahyco Research Centre, Maharashtra Hybrid Seed Company Private Limited, Aurangabad-Jalna Road, Dawalwadi, Jalna, Maharashtra, 431203, India.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i03.30
Key words: Brinjal, double haploid, tissue culture, anther culture
Abstract: Brinjal is a popular vegetable crop in India and widely used in culinary, pickle and industrial purposes. Double haploid technique is used in vegetable crop improvement thus, reducing lengthy conventional breeding timelines to develop new improved varieties. A study was conducted to develop a robust double haploid (DH) protocol in brinjal. Six genotypes and six media combinations were tested. Two media types showed DH production in brinjal ranging from 0.34-9.27 %. Consequently, MSB-6 is recommended media for brinjal DH in light of the obtained results. Similarly, five out of six genotypes showed DH responsiveness. The genotype-wise responsiveness to anther culture ranged from 2.29 - 7.40 %. DH technique complements the plant breeder’s effort to bring new varieties in the shortest time. Therefore, the relevance of improvement in tissue culture assisted double haploidy and continuous improvement of available protocols remain relevant even after six decades of its original discovery.
Thammasat University, Thailand. Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh. Nanjng Agricultural University, China.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i03.31
Key words: Technical efficiency, brinjal, bottle gourd, agriculture, farmer.
Abstract: Shortage and inefficient use of resource in agricultural activities in Bangladesh are emphasizing to measure efficiency for increasing productivity with the highest efficiency and make sure of sustainable agricultural development. The motive of the study was to estimate technical efficiency by using stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) of brinjal and bottle gourd cultivation in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Tobit regression was applied to determine the elements affecting the efficiency and Cobb-Douglas production model was applied to pick out elements affecting the gross return of bottle gourd and brinjal. 100 (50 Brinjal +50 Bottle gourd) farmers were selected randomly as well as interviewed for collecting information through one set of questionnaires. The result revealed that bottle gourd and brinjal farmers were not perfectly efficient in Bangladesh. The mean efficiency of bottle gourd and brinjal observed 0.79 and 0.81, respectively. According to mean efficiency, farmers can be efficient in bottle gourd and brinjal farming through increasing 21 and 19 % output, respectively with on-hand resources and technologies. Tobit model suggests that the education level of farmer, training program, choosing high yielding variety and the size of the farm have an effect on farmers� efficiency positively and significantly. In addition, we observed that human labor cost, seed cost, irrigation cost, fertilizers cost, and pesticides and insecticides cost have a significant positive impact on bottle gourd and brinjal production.
Department of Botany, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India- 620 024.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i03.32
Key words: Celastrus paniculatus Willd., Embryo Rescue method, Shoot tip explant, in vitro micropropagation.
Abstract: It is believed and essential that efforts should be made to develop protocols for vulnerable medicinal plants so as to develop new or more safe drugs. In this study, a rapid efficient plant propagation through direct shoot tip explant of Celastrus paniculatus Willd, a medicinal vulnerable plant (belonging to the family Celastraceae), was undertaken. Half strength Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with GA3 showed maximum percentage (82.4 ± 0.50) embryo response through embryo rescue method. Shoot tip explants were transferred from cotyledonary node and inoculated to shoot induction medium supplemented with cytokinin (BAP, TDZ and Kin) and highest response (87 ± 0.70) with 3.8 shoot number was achieved in BAP 1.0 mg L-1. Shoot multiplication was achieved with combination of BAP (1 mg L-1) with meta - Topolin (1 mg L-1) showed highest response (91.0±1.10) with 10.2 shoots within 10 days after inoculation. The in vitro regenerated shoots were transferred carefully to the half strength and full-strength MS medium supplemented with GA3 (0.1 to 0.5 mg L-1) for the elongation. The in vitro elongated shoots were treated with different auxins (IAA, IBA and NAA) individually for early rooting and treated shoots were transferred to the half strength MS medium. At the concentration IBA (0.3 mg L-1), 91 % rooting was observed. The regenerated plantlets were acclimatized in pots containing sterilized soil and sand in 3:1 ratio and plantlets were then transferred to the field conditions. Ninty percent of the regenerants survived well. The result of the present study reveals the pioneer report on in vitro plant regeneration of C. paniculatus Willd. by using shoot tip explants.
Department of Seed Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, India Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Kudumiyanmalai - 622 104, India. Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641 003, India.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i03.33
Key words: Liquid biofertilizers, Azospirillum, phosphobacteria, PPFM, tomato seeds.
Abstract: Use of effective microorganisms as a pre-sowing seed treating agent is considered to be ecologically sound and beneficial to both seed and environment. Therefore to ensure the benefits, studies were conducted in tomato seeds with different liquid microbial cultures. The results revealed that the tomato seeds treated with liquid cultures viz., Azospirillum, phosphobacteria and Pink Pigmented Facultative Methylotroph (PPFM) have showed significant increase in germination and vigour. The seeds soaked in equal volume of Azospirillum @ 1:50 dilution for 24 h or phosphobacteria @ 1:50 dilution for 12 h or PPFM liquid culture @ 1:100 dilution for 18 h have registered the higher germination and vigour. Among these microbial cultures, PPFM has performed well in enhancing the seed germination and seedling vigour. Also, the viability and vigour of the inoculants infused seed were not much affected in three months storage. However, consortia of these microbial cultures showed antagonistic effect in seed germination and seedling vigour. In addition, the seeds infused with PPFM @1:100 dilution for 18 h followed by polymer coating @ 5 ml and carbendazim fungicide treatment @ 2 g kg-1 of have recorded significant improvement in seed germination and vigour with minimal reduction in the microbial population. Therefore, it would be possible to infuse the beneficial microbes into the seed through liquid cultures and also storing such seeds without much reduction in the microbial population. Therefore, it is beneficial if the seeds treated with the effective microorganisms which favour better seed germination and seedling growth. Also, the microbes can easily be added into the soil along with the seed which may reflect on better coloization of the microbes in plant root zone.
Date palm Research Station, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Mundra-Kachchh, Gujarat- 370421.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i03.34
Key words: Date palm, crown bending, Barhee, physiological disorder
Abstract: Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is one of the subsistent horticultural crops of western India, where its commercial cultivation is concentrated in Kachchh district of Gujarat. Majority, of the plantation is raised through seedlings, hence exhibit, great diversity in fruits, however, by the research efforts of Date palm Research Station (DPRS), Mundra, cultivar Barhee has been recommended for commercial cultivation in the region during 2002, which has brought a dramatic change in the socio-economic profile of the date growers, due to increase in area and production. Variety Barhee is late maturing, with round yellow colored fruits, sweet at Khalal stage, with prolific productivity of 100-150 kg/palm for a period of 8-35 years. The roving survey under taken by the DPRS, Mundra during 2016, in various villages on Barhee orchards, brought to notice the unusual and unnatural bending of the crown of Barhee palm on many orchards. In the present investigation, it was attempted to understand the phenomena by observing different varieties, bending direction, height of the palm, number of bunches on different direction etc. Our observation indicated that it is varietal character as no other varieties in the region showed bending symptoms. Majority of the palms were bended towards East, presumed to be due to phototaxis, enhanced by severe wind velocity (West to East, av. Speed 11.2 km/hr). It was also observed that, the total number of fruit bunches were more in bending direction indicating the fact that, by keeping the fruit bunches in a balanced way may help to manage this phenomena. The bending symptom was observed on palms having a height more than 5m. Hence, this phenomenon is more predominant on older palms and severe bending may lead to uprooting causing economic loss to farmers.
Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416 004, (MS), India.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i03.35
Key words: Abelmoschus esculentus, chlorophyll mutants, gamma radiations, mutation.
Abstract: Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench was popularly known as okra or ladies finger or bhindi. It is an important vegetable crop cultivated mostly in tropical and subtropical countries. The present study aims to induce variability in this economically significant crop plant using gamma rays. Mature, dry and healthy gamma rays irradiated seeds were allowed to grow in the field along with control seeds. The effect of different concentrations of gamma radiations on different agronomic traits and yield contributing characters of okra including shoot length, root length, number of secondary branches, fruits per plants, seeds per fruits and 100 seed weight, etc. were recorded for M1 and M2 generations. The observed agronomic and yield based characters in the M2 mutants at various doses of gamma rays were found to be significantly correlated. The obtained M2 mutant is useful in development of improved variety of okra with agronomically significant traits.
ICAR-Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Srinagar, 191132, J&K, India. Division of Biochemistry, (SKUAST-J) Jammu, J&K, India.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i03.36
Key words: Onion, Stemphylium blight, Stemphylium vesicarium, plant extract, management
Abstract: Onion (Allium cepa L.) an important vegetable and spice crop is susceptible to Stemphylium blight incited by Stemphylium vesicarium. It causes significant losses (up to 80 %) in seed as well as bulb crop. The synthetic fungicides are the only option available to farmers for its management, which in long run may result in resistance development in pathogen. So there is a need to find novel strategies for management of this disease, hence the present study was devised to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of plant extracts from eight medicinally important plant species. The test fungus S. vesicarium was isolated from symptomatic leaf samples and was identified by characteristics of spore from available literature. Methanolic extracts of selected plants at three different concentrations (0.1 %, 0.5 % and 1.0 %) were evaluated against S. vesicarium using food poison technique under in vitro conditions. The results showed that all plant extracts exhibited statistically significant antifungal efficacy from each other (P < 0.05). But Oreganum vulgare at 0.5 and 1 % concentration exhibited highest antifungal efficacy (68.23 % and 81.3 % respectively). The importance of the present study lies in, that the Oreganum extracts has the potential to manage the disease under field conditions after isolation of bioactive molecule and development of proper formulation. To the best of our knowledge this is a first kind of study conducted, where Oreganum has been reported to be effective against plant pathogen .
Study Program of Agro-ecotechnology, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i03.37
Key words: Okra, compost, growth, antioxidant, quality
Abstract: Okra is often useful as a traditional medicine because it contains secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids. Young fruits and leaves may be consumed as they are rich in minerals and dietary fiber. The objective of this study was to assess the growth and quality of young okra at plant spacing and different litter dosage composts. Results showed that plant height, crop growth rate, yield, pod weight and, fruit circumference increased with the increasing dose of N compost. The highest NR on the row spacing interactions is 50 cm and 150 kg N ha-1. Chlorophyll content of row spacing 75 cm was higher than row spacing 50 cm. Chlorophyll content was higher at 150 kg N than 0 kg N ha-1, 50 and 100 kg N ha-1. Level of antioxidants decreased with the increase of N given both in row spacing of 50 cm and 75 cm.
Department of Food and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Jayoti Vidyapeeth Women's University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i03.39
Key words: Pears, Shelf life, Quality parameters, Herbal edible coating, Ocimum sanctum and Tulsi extract.
Abstract: The present research was conducted to extend the shelf life of fresh pears by using beeswax and cornstarch herbal edible coatings. The coatings were prepared from cornstarch and beeswax by incorporation of aqueous Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) extract. cornstarch and beeswax have good moisture and gas barrier properties while Tulsi (O. sanctum) extract acted as an antimicrobial agent in this coating therefore herbal edible coated pears have a longer shelf life as compared to uncoated pears. Coated and uncoated pears were stored at ambient temperature (31 ± 2 °C and 70 ± 8 % RH) and low temperature (4 °C). Pears were analyzed for the quality parameters such as weight loss, firmness, TSS, titratable acidity, pH and sensory evaluation. The weight loss and firmness of coated pears were significantly (P < 0.05) less as compared to uncoated pears. Beeswax herbal edible coating gave the best results in pear storage as compared to cornstarch herbal edible coating. On the other hand cornstarch herbal edible coating also gave good results as compared to uncoated pears, it enhanced the shelf life of pears for 45 days at ambient temperature and 60 days at low temperature (4 °C), in case of beeswax herbal edible coating it increased the storage life of pears for 45 days at ambient temperature and 70 days at low temperature (4 °C). Sensory evaluation of coated pears such as color, texture, overall acceptability was better for both conditions as compared to uncoated. Therefore, it is concluded that the herbal edible coatings have the potential to extend the shelf life.
Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i03.40
Key words: Beauveria bassiana, Bb 112, Aphis gossypii, CDA, bioefficacy
Abstract: Bioefficacy of three different formulations of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Ascomycota: Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae). Bb 112 isolate was assessed against aphid, Aphis gossypii (Aphididae: Hemiptera) infested tomatoes. Based on the experimental results, effective formulation of B. bassiana (Bb 112) was selected and its bioefficacy was tested against aphids under field condition using different delivery equipments. Two sprays at 14 days interval were given and the cumulative reduction in aphid population was taken into account. The microplot study revealed that the oil formulation of B. bassiana (Bb 112) (Sangamithra, 2015) accorded maximum control of aphids with highest population reduction of 45.50 per cent when compared to talc and crude formulations. Under field condition also, oil formulation of B. bassiana (Bb 112) sprayed with Controlled Droplet Applicator (CDA) recorded highest population reduction of aphid (41.02 and 46.31 per cent). Hence, the present study entails that the improved formulations applied using improved delivery systems can thereby reform the biopesticide utility.
Department of Economics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow (UP) -226007, India.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i03.41
Key words: Horticulture, panel data, rural infrastructure, regional disparities, Uttar Pradesh
Abstract: The paper examines the role of horticulture sector in Uttar Pradesh at disaggregate level from 2004-05 to 2015-16. The share of horticulture sector in gross cropped area has not only been gradually increasing but has witnessed an increase in productivity of fruits, vegetables and spices. The value of output of various types of horticultural crops grown at a regional level reveals mixed trends while the value of output of horticulture by its sub sectors has accelerated considerably with its rate being the highest in Bundelkhand as compared to the other regions. The results of regression reveal that the factors such cold storage, agricultural markets, agricultural sector loan, expense on district level schemes, electrified villages, literacy level, net irrigated area have positive and significant impact while maximum temperature has negative but significant impact on per hectare value of output. It concludes that shifting orientation from cereal dominance to horticultural and high value crops via the instrument of crop diversification could prove to be immensely useful in supplementing farmers’ income. The development of agricultural and rural infrastructure besides value chain development and food processing in specialty agriculture can help the horticulture sector to flourish considerably in the long run.
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran. Department of Social Medicine, Modeling in Health Research Center, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran. Department of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i03.42
Key words: Medicinal herbs, sexually transmitted diseases, antifungal drug, Gardnerella vaginalis
Abstract: Berberis vulgaris has been associated with various pharmacological properties such as antioxidant and antibacterial effects. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common infection in women within child bearing ages that creates gynecologic problems, pelvic infection, urinary tract infection, and malodorous discharges could lead to infertility, premature birth and miscarriage in women. This study was conducted to compare the effect of metronidazole gel and B. vulgaris gel on the treatment and recurrence of BV. This double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 80 women with BV who referred to women’s clinic in Hajar Hospital (southwestern Iran) in 2016 with convenience sampling. The diagnosis criteria were Amsel’s criteria, gram staining and culture. The participants were divided in 2 groups. First group received metronidazole gel 0.75 % for 5 nights and the second received B. vulgaris gel 5 % for 5 nights vaginally. The symptoms were evaluated at 7 and 21 day follow up. The descriptive and inferential statistics (chi square, t-test and ANOVA) were used to analyze the data using SPSS software. After 7 days of treatment, a significant difference was observed in terms of improving symptoms of irritation, dyspareunia and dysuria in both groups and this level was higher in the group taking B. vulgaris gel (P < 0.05). The results of recurrence of symptoms after 21 days of intervention showed that the complete recovery of various symptoms was significantly higher in B. vulgaris gel than the metronidazole gel group (P=0.001). B. vulgaris gel is more effective than metronidazole gel in treating bacterial vaginosis and could be considered as a new therapeutic approach in BV treatment.
Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, New Mexico, 88130, USA. College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i03.43
Key words: Ziziphus jujuba, propagation, medicinal importance
Abstract: Jujube, a a drought- and frost-tolerant fruit species can be widely planted across the state of New Mexico. Recently, interest in jujube from consumers and growers is surging. The major challenge is a very limited availability of jujube plants. The experiment was conducted in Portales, NM from 2017 to 2018 to study the effects of sucker height and diameter on jujube survival. Jujube suckers of four different sizes (height and diameter) were transplanted in the experimental field and replicated three times. Result show that the most suitable size of jujube sucker for transplantation is 50-100 cm height with 0.36-0.75 cm diameter. This result could be useful for growers who plan to plant jujubes trees in the semi-arid regions like New Mexico. It is expected that jujubes could become a valuable alternative fruit crop in the United States.
