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Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agriculture Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221005 (U.P), India. Corresponding e-mail: kumarharsh12312@gmail.com
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2022.v24i01.20
Key words: Cluster, genetic divergence, germplasm, Mahalanobis D2 statistic, Tocher’s method
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Abstract: An investigation was carried out at Vegetables Research Farm of the Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, during Zaid season (Feb-May) of 2019 to evaluate 26 genotypes of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) for genetic diversity based on 32 morphological and 4 biochemical traits. Since any breeding program’s success depends broadly on the available genetic diversity and the rational selection of parents, the wider genetic diversity of the genotypes offers plentiful room for further improvement in available cultivars. Therefore, Mahalanobis’s D2 statistic was adopted for quantitative assessment of genetic divergence and based on the relative magnitude of D2 values, twelve clusters were formed. Of the twelve clusters, cluster I was largest with the nine genotypes, followed by cluster ? with seven genotypes. Among the traits studied, maximum genetic divergence was contributed by the character seed weight index (15.38%). The maximum inter-cluster distance was recorded between cluster VII and XI (106.09) while, the intra-cluster distance was highest in cluster III (46.03) which marked the presence of wide genetic diversity among the genotypes GP-150, Pusa Madhuras, MHY-3, GP-20, MM-1, Durgapur Selection, and GP-73. The inter-cluster distance was more than the intra-cluster distance indicating the presence of wide genetic diversity, among the genotypes under study.
1ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow-226101, India. 2Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow-226026, India. 3Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India. Corresponding e-mail: anju.bajpai@gmail.com
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2022.v24i01.21
Key words: Salinity, 2-D Electrophoresis, 13-1, rootstock, signal transduction, phenol accumulation, Cell wall and cytoskeleton, transcription regulation
Abstract: Increasing salinity is a cause of concern for meeting UN sustainable development goals and needs urgent mitigation strategies. The widespread use of salinity tolerant rootstocks in salt-sensitive fruits provides long-term solutions to the harsh effects of soil salinization. Polyembryonic mango cultivar 13-1, a salinity-tolerant variety from Israel, was used to unravel initial salt adaptive mechanism by imposing a salinity screen at 200mM NaCl. Differentially accumulated proteins were separated through 2-D electrophoresis (pH gradient 4.0-7.0), and identified through properties of pI and molecular weight by annotation against Citrus isoelectric focusing database. Protein spots (309) were detected on Coomassie-stained gels and about 22 spots were found differentially expressed in control and stress. Overproduction of stress-related proteins like polygalacturonase (97 kDa/4.9PI) and alcohol dehydrogenase (38kDa/5.6PI) is linked to enhanced cell wall integrity, transpiration rate regulation and ionic maintenance in adaptability mechanism. The upregulated phenylpropanoid pathway proteins p-coumaroyl ester, Flavanone3-hydroxylase-2 and UDP-glycosyl transferase are also involved in stress alleviation through flavonoid accumulation. Glutathione S-transferase was also identified with 2.21-fold accumulation in plants exposed to salinity stress, thereby elucidating its role in oxidative stress mitigation. Cell wall and cytoskeleton metabolism-related proteins were also found to be associated with salinity adaptation in mango cv 13-1. Differential accumulation of proteins implicated in signal transduction pathway, transcription regulation and hormone signaling were also identified. Thus, role of differentially expressed proteins under initial salinity stress conditions provide new insights molecular adjustment mechanisms orchestrated by mango rootstock variety by hormone signaling, osmotic arrangements, cytoskeleton modifications, phenol accumulation and transcription regulation.
Division of Fruit Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, Chatha, Jammu- 180009, India. Corresponding e-mail: simrandeep.kour88@gmail.com
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2022.v24i01.22
Key words: Regulated deficit irrigation, partial root zone drying, storage, fertigation
Abstract: A two-year study was undertaken in the Division of Fruit Science, SKUAST-J, to examine the effect of differential irrigation regimes as pre-harvest treatments (regulated deficit irrigation and partial root-zone drying) on the shelf life of mango grown in open field conditions. Maximum physiological weight loss (21.06% and 21.10%) and decay loss (51.00% and 52.20%) was recorded under treatment T10 (no irrigation) whereas, minimum was recorded in treatment T9. The fruit moisture was recorded maximum in T7 (77.46 % and 77.72 %) whereas T10 recorded minimum (70.55% and 70.83%) fruit moisture during 2017 and 2018, respectively. Both years recorded maximum fruit firmness in T9 (21.62 and 22.47 lb/in2) and minimum in T10 (14.61 and 15.46 lb/in2). On a mean value basis maximum fruit moisture content and fruit firmness was recorded on 0 day of storage which decreased significantly and continuously upto 10th the day of storage. In contrast, minimum PLW content was recorded on 2nd day of storage which increased significantly and constantly up to 10th the day of storage and minimum decay loss content was recorded on 6th day of storage which increased significantly and continuously upto 10th the day of storage during 2017 and 2018, respectively.
Department of Horticulture, Sikkim University, 6th Mile, Samdur, Tadong-737102, Gangtok, Sikkim, India. Corresponding e-mail: supadhyay@cus.ac.in
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2022.v24i01.23
Key words: Large cardamom, essential oil, GC-MS, Amomum subulatum, capsule, Zingiberaceae
Abstract: An experiment was conducted to study the essential constituents in four major cultivars of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.). Each sample was analysed for volatile oil content using hydro-distillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus. The essential oil content varied from 2.70 to 1.90% and highest amount of essential oil content 2.70% was obtained from variety Golsey. The composition of the essential oil was determined by GC-MS which led to the identification of 47 compounds representing 93%-99.7% of the total oil. The major components identified in the oil were 1,8-Cineole, ?-pinene, ?-Pinene, ?-Terpineol, ?-thujene, ?-terpineol, limonene, ?-terpineol, ?- terpinene and myrcene. Out of 47 metabolites analysed it was found 1,8-Cineole was the major component in the large cardamom oil. Golsey cultivar contained the highest numbers of major metabolites among the cultivars tested. Further, Ramsey cultivar was found with high percentage of 1,8-cineole.
1Vanavarayar Institute of Agriculture, Pollachi, Tamil Nadu, India. 2Department of Spices and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India. Corresponding e-mail: ck@via.ac.in
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2022.v24i01.24
Key words: Banana, biochar, nutrients, palmyrah, pyrolysis, sugarcane, vetiver, water purification
Abstract: A lab experiment was conducted in Vanavarayar Institute of Agriculture (Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University), Pollachi, Tamil Nadu, India during 2018-2019 in a completely randomized design to study the effect of vetiver root (Chrysopogon zizanioides) and other biochars on water quality and water nutrient status in Bore well water and Well water. The experiment consisted of five main factors and two sub-factors. The samples like vetiver root, vetiver root biochar, sugarcane bagasse, palmyrah fruit and banana peel were shade dried and dried in a hot air oven at different temperatures for uniform drying. The pyrolysis process i.e. dried samples into biochar with the recommended temperatures, was carried out in Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi. Water from Bore well and well was filtered using vetiver root and different biochars. Water quality parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, potassium, alkalinity were analyzed. The analysis concludes that vetiver root biochar-treated water showed best results in pH, Electrical conductivity, TDS, Potassium and Sodium concentrations.
1High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre (HAPPRC), H.N.B. Garhwal University, Post Box: 14, Srinagar Garhwal -246174, Uttarakhand, India. 2Department of Biotechnology (CCS), MIET, Meerut-250005 (U.P.), India.Corresponding e-mail:ankitsinghrawat333@gmail.com
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2022.v24i01.03
Key words: Phenology, BBCH scale, Meconopsis, Garhwal Himalaya
Abstract: Alpine plant species are perennial but have a shorter growing period according to prevailing habitat conditions that remain snow-covered during winter. In these areas, many of the species are important sources of valuable drugs. Phenological observations on Meconopsis aculeata were recorded at a weekly interval in Tungnath region of western Himalaya. Phenological studies in alpine plants are minimal, especially in Indian Himalayas thus, the present study was carried out to describe detailed phenological stages of M. aculeata in Tungnath region of the Indian Himalaya. The BBCH (Biologische Bundesantalt, Bundessortenamt, and Chemische Industrie) scale was used to characterize seven primary growth stages from seed germination to senescence, as well as secondary growth stages. These stages include stage 0 (germination phase), stage 1 (leaf development), stage 5 (Inflorescence emergence), stage 6 (flowering), stage 7 (fruit development), stage 8 (Fruit ripening) and stage 9 (Senescence). Due to the high market demand of medicinal plants in local and international markets, work on the various aspects of domestication and crop improvement is a dire need, therefore the detailed phenological growth stages of M. aculeata could be helpful and complimentary for local growers, breeders and researchers.
1Department of Horticulture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349-Iran. 3Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran. 4Gene Bank Department, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran. Corresponding e-mail:swatikapoor@pau.edu
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2022.v24i01.04
Key words: Flavonoids, essential oil, Iran, Lamiaceae, mint, Zagros
Abstract: Iran has different environmental conditions due to its specific geographical location. Therefore, exploring essential oil and flavonoid components among medicinal plants in different areas may result in discoveries about valuable bioactive compounds. The present investigation aimed to study flavonoids profile and essential oils composition of four Lamiaceae species i.e., Stachys lavandulifolia, Teucrium polium, Thymus daenensis and Ziziphora clinopodioides from Oshtorankoh located on Zagros Mountains, Iran. A chemical study using two dimentional paper chromatography (2-DPC) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) showed that the four studied species contained flavone C and C-/O glucosides and flavonoid sulphates. The present study revealed that T. polium had high levels of many flavonoids such as apigenin, genistein, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, quercetin, rutin, and vitexin compared to the other studied plants. The results of GC/MS analysis showed that S. lavandulifolia was rich in ?-pinene (21.16 %) and 1,8-cineol (16.95 %), T. polium in ?-pinene (12.21 %) and sabinene (9.55 %), T. daenensis in ?-Terpinene (36.98 %) and p-Cymene (26.87 %), and Z. clinopodioides in piperitone (16.84 %) and 1,8-cineol (16.11 %) components.
Pomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt, Corresponding e-mail: puii.kh@gmail.com
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2022.v24i01.05
Key words: WUE, proline, peroxidase, phenols, soluble sugars, chlorophyll, Punica granatum
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two irrigation levels [100 percent of field capacity (FC) (control)] and 30 percent FC (deficit irrigation) on vegetative growth, biochemical status, and water use efficiency of five pomegranate cultivars (Wonderful, Manfalouty, Acco, Assuity and 116) over two seasons in 2019 and 2020. The results showed that deficit irrigation reduced the dry weight of the shoots and roots, as well as the chlorophyll content of the leaves, in all the pomegranate cultivars. Meanwhile, under stress, proline content, total soluble sugars, total phenols, and peroxidase activity all increased significantly. The Manfalouty cultivar had the highest shoot and root dry weights, as well as the highest water use efficiency, proline content, and total phenols. Furthermore, when compared to other cultivars, the Wonderful cultivar had the highest chlorophyll content during both seasons. In comparison to the other cultivars studied, the Wonderful cultivar showed the limited or no significant increase in peroxidase activity. This could be due to a genotype’s variable peroxidase activity potential in pomegranate cultivars under water stress. The obtained results may indicate that Manfalouty and Wonderful cultivars are more tolerant of deficit irrigation than the other cultivars studied.
Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. C.C. 276, 7620 Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina. ? Corresponding e-mail:marcellan.olga@inta.gob.ar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2022.v24i01.01
Key words: Rootstock breeding, conventional interspecific crosses, Actinidia chinensis var deliciosa, Actinidia argute, male parent effects, root system analysis
Abstract: Interspecific hybridization is an effective way to create desirable rootstocks for grafting of fruit crops such as kiwifruit. Previous studies showed that interspecific hybrids in the genus Actinidia could be obtained through in vitro embryo culture. In attempts to develop vigor-controlling rootstocks, conventional intraploid crosses between two species that differ in the vigor of their root systems-A. arguta (Issai selection) and A. chinensis var deliciosa (four male genotypes)-were successfully performed without resorting to embryo rescue. A wide variation in root architecture characteristics was detected among the hybrid progenies. The identification of hybrids with less vigorous root systems than those of A. chinensis var deliciosa further highlights the potential of the intraploid hybridization between these species to develop rootstocks with size-controlling potential for kiwifruit. Statistically significant effects of male parent on seed set (xenia), and percentage of germination and normal hybrid seedlings were also detected in this investigation.
Graduate School of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan. Corresponding e-mail: etimekpiken@yahoo.com
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2022.v24i01.06
Key words: Fruit size, fruit thinning time, low-chill requirement, maturity, Prunus persica
Abstract: This study aimed to see how the timing of fruit thinning affected the fruit quality of the peach cultivar 'KU-PP2'. In the present study. 'KU-PP2' peach trees (12-year-old) were trained to an open center system at the Kagawa University Research Farm in Japan. Fruits were thinned at intervals of 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after full bloom (DAFB) on four branches per tree, for a total of 16 branches, to determine the best fruit thinning time for high fruit quality and larger fruit size. The branches were hand-thinned at each thinning date, keeping a distance of 10 cm between the fruits. Fruit maturity was accelerated by the fruit thinning treatments. Fruit weight and size increased when the fruits were thinned at 7 and 28 DAFB. Furthermore, the highest total soluble solids were found at 7, 14 and 28 DAFB, followed by 21 DAFB, which was higher than the control. All of the thinning treatments reduced skin and fruit firmness; however, the treatments did not affect flesh firmness. In control, the fruit colour value L was highest. The fruit colour value a, on the other hand, was the highest at 7 and 28 DAFB. Furthermore, b did not differ significantly between treatments, including the control. Based on our findings, we concluded that the 7 DAFB fruit thinning treatment produced the best results compared to other treatments.
1Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India. 2Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, India. Corresponding e-mail: vahzarrinn@gmail.com
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2022.v24i01.07
Key words: Onion seedling, physical, mechanical properties, shade net, low tunnel.
Abstract: A healthy and robust seedling is one of the benchmarks for mechanical transplantation. The investigation aimed to see how different environmental conditions affect the growth of onion seedlings. Onion seedlings (varieties Puna Fursungi and Gavraan) were grown in an open field nursery compared to a protected structure viz., low tunnel and a 50 % shade net. During the nursery’s growth period, environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and solar intensity were recorded. At 50 days after sowing, physical and mechanical properties were observed. Higher temperature was measured in a low tunnel structure, followed by shade net and open field. The shade net structure had the highest percentage of seedling survival (76.23 %), followed by the low tunnel (68.77 %) and the open field (58.37 %). Plant height was also greater in the shade net structure, followed by the low tunnel and open field conditions, respectively. This could be attributed to how plants compete for sunlight, water, aeration, and nutrition under different growing conditions. Except for plant height, all physical and mechanical properties were higher in open field conditions. Because of its adequate strength, the healthy seedling obtained from open field conditions was more suitable for mechanical transplanting.
1Pomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt. 2Viticulture Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Egypt. Corresponding e-mail: elsharkawy25518@agr.bsu.edu.eg
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2022.v24i01.08
Key words: Grapevines, tissue culture, micro grafting, Flame seedless, Freedom, solid stacking wax and alginate matrix
Abstract: This study aimed to improve the micrografting technique for rapid in vitro grapevine plantlet propagation using Flame Seedless scion and Freedom as rootstock. Explants obtained in vitro were cultured in MS media containing 0.4 mg L-1 BAP. For micrografting, six methods were used: sterile wire ties, sterile metal needle, wax, aluminum foil, gel, and callus. Data was collected on morphological and biochemical parameters in micrografts produced using various procedures. With various degrees of success, all in vitro micrografting procedures successfully produced grafts. The best results of morphological parameters were recorded in micrografting in wax method with the highest survival (83.88%), number of shoots/explants (1.77), shoot length (1.66 cm), leaves/shoot (4.55), rooting (58.20 %), root length (1.27 cm). In contrast, the callus method had the least value for these parameters. Wax and aluminum foil methods were found to be a promising alternative to traditional grapevine propagation methods in the study.
1Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2Punjab Horticultural Postharvest Technology Centre, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 3Department of Livestock Products Technology, GADVASU, Ludhiana. Corresponding e-mail: omarcellan@mdp.edu.ar; marcellan.olga@inta.gob.ar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2022.v24i01.09
Key words: Osmo-drying, apple cubes, Malus domestica , Golden Delicious, color, texture, pre-treatments
Abstract: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of various pre-treatments viz., potassium sorbate (T2), steam process (T3) and rose-flavored syrup (T4) compared to control (T1) on the final quality of osmo-dried apple cubes. Osmo-dried apple cubes developed from each treatment had moisture content in the range of 7.3-8.6% with 0.55-0.66 water activity. Pre-treatments proved to be effective on the product as bioactive components and antioxidant activity (%) were maximally retained in rose flavored apple cubes except ascorbic acid. Higher reducing sugars were observed in steam-treated apple cubes and lowest in rose-flavored apple cubes. In terms of colour attributes, potassium sorbate-treated apple cubes retained the most brightness, but texturally, these samples had the most hardness and the least cohesiveness. In contrast, steam-treated apple cubes had the lowest hardness and highest cohesiveness. The highest overall acceptability was noted for rose-flavored apple cubes in sensory properties. Red coloration of these apple cubes resulted in reduced L and highest a values with optimum textural properties. Overall, rose-flavored syrup as an osmotic agent produced flavoured dried apple cubes of improved quality.
Department of Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. Corresponding e-mail: satishanandan84@gmail.com
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2022.v24i01.10
Key words: Cucumber, grafting, rootstock, drought stress, vegetative growth, fruit characters, yield, nutrients
Abstract: The current study was conducted during the summer seasons of 2018 and 2019 under net house conditions at the Eastern Experimental Station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University to investigate the effect of some cucurbit rootstocks on the growth, quality, yield and chemical compositions of cucumber under drought stress. The study included 12 treatments that were arranged in a split-plot design with three replicates. The main plot included two levels of water irrigation (50 or100%) and sub main plot included five rootstocks viz., 1-Bottle Gourd (Legenaria siceraria), 2-Luffa (Luffa aegyptiaca), 3-Squash (Cucurbita pepo), 4- Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) and 5-Shintoza (Cucurbita maxima × Cucurbita moschata), in addition, to control treatment (Cucumber, cv. Hayel, without grafting). The results indicated that drought stress treatment (50%) significantly reduced leaf area and fruit length compared with normal irrigation (100%). Also, no significant differences were noticed between the treatments of water regime (50 or 100%) on plant height, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, chlorophyll readings, fruit quality (fruit weight, fruit diameter and fruit TSS), total yield and K%. On the other hand, grafted cucumber onto luffa rootstock caused a significant decrease in plant height, fruit weight and P and K% in leaves, whereas grafting onto bottle gourd significantly increased leaf area and total yield of cucumber, as compared with control.
1Department of Horticultural Science and Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 2Department of Horticultural Science and Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 3Department of Plant Protection, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 4 Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran. Corresponding e-mail: m-noori@araku.ac.ir
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2022.v24i01.11
Key words: Vase life; RWC; CAT; SOD; soluble carbohydrates
Abstract: The present study aimed to enhance the vase life, maintain quality, and reduce the percentage of infection with gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea using fungal elicitors on cut flowers of roses. Based on a completely randomized design with three replications, a factorial experiment was performed. The eight treatments were as follows: three concentrations of fungal elicitor (600, 800 and 1000 ppm), the three concentrations along with B. cinerea fungal spores, sterile distilled water (as negative control), and B. cinerea spore suspension (positive control). Vase life, cell membrane stability index, superoxide dismutase, catalase, carbohydrate content, and disease severity on the leaves were measured during the experiment. The measurements were carried out on days 3, 7 and 10 after spraying the spores. The results showed that treating rose flowers with the elicitor (1000 ppm) improved soluble carbohydrate preservation, cell membrane stability index, relative water content, catalase enzyme, and leaf superoxide dismutase, resulting in a significant increase in vase life (15.66 days) compared to the control (8.66 days) (P?0.01). Evaluating the disease index also showed that the elicitor (1000 ppm) along with B. cinerea spores caused a significant increase in vase life (12.33 days) compared to the positive control (7.66 days) (P?0.01). Finally, the disease severity in treated samples was lower than that of the B. cinerea treatment as control.
