Abstract: Changes in the levels of endogenous hormones, abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinins (t-zeatin riboside (t-ZR) and dihydrozeatin riboside (DHZR)) in xylem sap and leaves and indole acetic acid (IAA) and total phenols in the leaves were determined in seven polyembryonic mango cultivars (Bappakai, Chandrakaran, Furukan, Muvandan, Mylepelian, Olour and Vellaikolamban), which are commonly used as rootstocks. Simultaneously morphological characters were recorded on mango cv. Alphonso of similar age raised on these cultivars as rootstocks to examine whether the hormones and phenols produced by these bear any relationship to the growth and development of scion. Also the stem anatomical features of the shoots of current and previous year growth were studied in Alphonso grafted on two rootstocks imparting contrasting effects on shoot vigour. The morphological attributes such as tree girth and tree volume of Alphonso were generally higher on rootstocks Muvandan, Bappakai and Olour and least on Vellaikolamban followed by Kuruk
Shailendra Rajan
Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, PO Kakori, Rehmankhera, Lucknow - 227 107, India.
Abstract: Logistic, Gompertz and Richards functions were used for examining their suitability in fitting growth data of malformed and normal mango panicles. The functional analysis of data indicated that Richards function was a suitable model for summarizing panicle growth data. The model was found to be superior to logistic and Gompertz because of its greater flexibility. The study revealed that Richards function can be successfully used for simulating panicle growth under different treatments and conditions.
R. Junthasri, P. Nartvaranant, S. Subhadrabandhu and P. Tongumpai
Department of Horticulture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
Abstract: The technique in producing off-season mango has been adopted in Thailand since 1986. Paclobutrazol, a plant growth retardant, was used in combination with thiourea for producing as well as breaking of flower buds. The studies on application methods showed that soil drenching of paclobutrazol is more effective for the induction of flowering in mango as compared to foliar spray. The rate of paclobutrazol application depended on the size of tree canopy as well as on mango cultivars. For most cultivars, the rate of paclobutrazol applied is generally determined by multiplying the diameter of tree canopy (expressed in meter) with 1.0-1.5 g of active ingredients of paclobutrazol. At 120 days after the application of paclobutrazol, 0.5% thiourea is usually sprayed to some cultivars for breaking of buds. Using this method, inflorescences are visible within 2.5 to 4 months after the paclobutrazol application depending on cultivar. However, the success in producing off-season mango is also dependent on other factors suc
P.K. Arora, Nirmal Kaur, R.C. Batra and N. Mehrotra
Regional Fruit Research Station, Abohar 152116, India.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.1999.v01i02.09
Key words: varieties, cultivars, fruits, phenols, sugars, quality, insect pests, pest resistance, ascorbic acid, fruit crops, control, agricultural entomology
Abstract: Physicochemical characteristics of fruits of eight ber (Ziziphus mauritiana) varieties, Chhuhara, Gola, Elaichi, Kaithli, Nazuk, Sanaur 2, Umran and ZG-2 in relation to fruit fly infestation were studied at Abohar. Fruit fly (Carpomya vesuviana) infestation was positively correlated with fruit weight, pulp-stone ratio, total soluble solids (TSS) and total sugars, whereas, it was negatively correlated to acidity, vitamin C [ascorbic acid] and total phenols. The varieties high in pulp content, TSS, total sugars, low acidity, vitamin C and total phenols were highly susceptible to fruit fly attack. The most resistance varieties were Umran (49% incidence), Gola (40%) and ZG-2 (33%).
J.N. Sharma, J.S. Josan, S.K. Thind and P.K. Arora
Regional Fruit Research Station, Punjab Agricultural University, Abohar 152116, India.
Abstract: Four mango cultivars, Dashehari, Langra, Mallika and Amrapali, were introduced from different sources and grown at the Regional Fruit Research Station, Abohar (Punjab), during 1982-83 to allow evaluation under arid-irrigated conditions. Langra was most vigorous followed by Mallika, Dashehari and Amrapali. Dashehari fruits had the highest total soluble solids content (TSS; 20.04%), reducing sugar content (3.87%), TSS/acid ratio (75.42) and sugar/acid ratio (14.33) with an average fruit yield of 60.22 kg/tree. Fruits of Dashehari and Langra matured during the second week of July whereas those of Mallika and Amrapali matured in the third week of July. On the basis of yield and quality observed under Abohar conditions, cultivation of Dashehari, Langra, Mallika and Amrapali cultivars are recommended for cultivation in the arid-irrigated region of Punjab.
M. Mohammed and L. Wickham
Department of Food Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
Abstract: S. cuminii [S. cumini] fruits were dipped in Ethrel [ethephon] or ethanol and stored at 10 or 30 degrees C for up to 12 days in either sealed low density (LDPE) or high density polyethylene bags (HDPE) or paper bags (PB). Fruits were evaluated for degrees of deastringency and other quality related changes. Ethanol-treated fruits stored in polyethylene bags at 10 degrees C were completely deastringent after 9 days compared with Ethrel-treated fruits over the same period which remained astringent throughout. Untreated control fruits stored at 10 degrees C in paper bags or polyethylene bags showed no changes in astringency and senesced rapidly after 3 and 6 days, respectively. Fruits stored at 30 degrees C, regardless of the packaging or dip treatments, succumbed to 100% decay after 3 days. Despite having the same astringency ratings, ethanol-treated fruits stored in LDPE bags at 10 degrees C were preferred to those stored in HDPE bags based on the lower incidence of decay in the former compared with the latter.
R.K. Pal, R.J. Thomas, Sangeeta Gupta, B. Lal and N.M. Singh
Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
Abstract: Physiological and physico-chemical changes in mango cv. Baneshan fruits in response to vapour heat treatment (VHT) were compared to those observed after treatment with a hydrogen peroxide based chemical (Virosil-Agro; VS). VHT is the accepted quarantine treatment for export of mangoes. VS is an eco-friendly and biodegradable chemical having little residual toxicity containing H2O2 and Ag2+. VST had antisenescence effects. VHT enhanced ripening during 14 days of storage compared with the control. VHT resulted in better marketability of fruits due to uniform peel colour development.
A.K. Verma and M.D. Singh
Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Rehmankhera, P.O. Kakori, Lucknow 227107, India.
Abstract: An experiment on force deformation was conducted on mature fruits of mango cv. Dashehari (collected from India). The first yield point in a sample was observed at 0.30 kN with a rupture point at 0.48 kN. Results indicated elastic behaviour up to 0.30 kN force, plastic beyond 0.48 kN and elastoplastic in between 0.30 and 0.48 kN. Strain energy required for first yield point was calculated using E = F*D/2, where E = strain energy, F = force applied and D = deformation. The energy required for the first yield point was calculated as 0.084 Nm and second rupture point was at 0.25 Nm strain energy.
V.K. Yadav and H.K. Singh
Department of Horticulture, N.D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj 224229, U.P., India.
Abstract: The effects of preharvest sprays of 1% calcium nitrate, 0.1% Topsin-M [thiophanate-methyl], 0.1% Bayleton [triadimefon] and their combinations on the storage quality of fruits of E. officinalis [Phyllanthus emblica] cv. NA-6 were investigated. Treatment with 1% calcium nitrate + 0.1% Topsin-M was the best followed by 1% calcium nitrate + 0.1% Bayleton and 1% calcium nitrate. The lowest weight loss (11.09%) and decay loss (14.43%) were observed in fruits given 2 pre-harvest sprays of 1% calcium nitrate + 0.1% Topsin-M; this treatment prolonged shelf-life to up to 20 days compared with 10 days in the control at ambient temperature. Calcium nitrate-treated fruits had higher concentrations of Ca than control fruits. Treatment with Topsin-M and Bayleton controlled Penicillium oxalicum for 10 days and Aspergillus niger for 20 days and extended shelf life.
D.B. Singh and M.A. Suryanaryana
Central Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair 744101, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.1999.v01i02.15
Key words: bananas, cultural methods, nitrogen fertilizers, crop yield, pseudostems, growth, plant development, fruit crops, fruits, small fruits
Abstract: The effect of N (50, 100, 150, 200 or 250 g/plant), applied all at once or in split doses (2-4 splits), on growth and yield of banana cv. Dwarf Cavendish was investigated during 1994-97 at Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The best growth (height, girth of pseudostem and number of leaves) and bunch yield were observed following application of 200 g N/plant in 4 split doses (2, 4, 6 and 8 months after planting). Increasing N rate from 200 to 250 g/plant delayed flowering/fruiting and was not effective at further increasing bunch size.
Prasanta Das and Binita Hazarika
Department of Horticulture, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat 785013, Assam, India.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.1999.v01i02.16
Key words: chemical composition, mulches, mulching, plant residues, plastic film, quality, pineapples, polyethylene, rice, ascorbic acid, flowering, fruits, reducing sugars, sugars, fruit crops, small fruits
Abstract: Mulching promoted the quality of pineapples cv. Kew, grown in India. Good quality fruits were observed in the black polythene mulch and rice husk (2.5 and 5 cm thick) treatments. The best quality fruits were obtained in the black polythene (50\micro) mulch treatment where plants were mulched throughout the cropping period.
S. Rajan, G.C. Sinha and B. Lal
Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Rehmankhera, P.O. Kakori, Lucknow 227107, India.
Abstract: Various models were developed to account for the effect of weather variables on the success of veneer grafting in mango under Lucknow conditions. The influence of weather parameters was described by the model: GS = 290.946 - 0.239 MA2 - 20.322 MI - 0.305 MI2 - 3.58 RH, where GS = veneer grafting success, MA = maximum temperature, MI = minimum temperature, RH = relative humidity, and RF = rainfall. The use of this model to forecast grafting success based on environmental conditions is discussed.
C.S. Maiti, A. Nath and S.K. Sen
Faculty of Horticulture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.1999.v01i02.18
Key words: medicinal plants, grafting, propagation, shoots, growth, plant development
Abstract: The effect of grafting method (whip, splice or cleft grafting) on survival and growth was investigated for A. marmelos grown under West Bengal conditions, India, during the monsoon. The best method was whip grafting (70% success and the best shoot growth).
R.R. Sharma, A.M. Goswami, S.K. Saxena and Anil Shukla
Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.1999.v01i02.19
Key words: mandarins, rootstocks, citranges, high density planting, fruit drop, fruits, seasonal variation, rootstock scion relationships, thinning, fruit crops, subtropical fruits, citrus fruits
Abstract: The effect of rootstock (Troyer citrange, Karna Khatta [Citrus karna] and Sohsarkar) on fruit drop was investigated for mandarins grown in high density plantings in India. Plants on all 3 rootstocks showed 2 distinct waves of drop (a very heavy drop in April-May and severe preharvest drop in September-October). Plants on Troyer citrange showed the lowest fruit drop in April-May and the highest pre-harvest fruit drop compared with the other rootstocks. Overall fruit drop was highest in Sohsarkar (86.41%) and lowest in Troyer citrange (69.79%).
Prabhat Srivastava and H.S. Chauhan
Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, College of Technology, Pantnagar 263145, U.P., India.
Abstract: The effects of different methods of irrigation (microsprinkler, drip [trickle] (emitter), drip (microtube) and surface irrigation) on growth of cabbages in India were investigated. Plants were grown at a spacing of 0.5 x 0.6 m. The largest plants with the highest number of leaves and greatest crop canopy were produced in the microsprinkler treatment.