Department of Horticulture, Tekirdag Faculty of Agriculture, Trakya University, Tekirdag, Turkey.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2005.v07i01.07
Key words: application rates, crop yield, cucumbers, cultivars, fruits, fungal antagonists, seedlings, seeds, yield components
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Abstract: A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effects of Trichoderma harzianum applications on yield and fruit characteristics of the cucumber cultivars Y-43-F1, Y-44-F1 and Y-135-F1. T. harzianum, obtained as a commercially available product (Trichoflow WP; 108 cfu/g) was applied to the soil root zone at 4, 10 and 24 g/m2. Observations were made on total yield (g/plant), early yield (g/plant), fruit weight (g/fruit), number of fruits per plant, number of early fruits per plant, mean fruit length (cm) and mean fruit diameter (mm). The main effect of dosage was significant only for total yield for which the 4 g/m rate resulted in the highest total yield per plant (2162.44 g) followed by 24 g/m, 10 g/m and control (1931.67, 1859.11 and 1499.67 g/plant, respectively). Early yield was also positively affected by T. harzianum at 10 g/m2, with an early yield of 1130.56 g/plant. The cultivar main effect, except for the mean fruit diameter, was significant. Interaction between application rates and cultivars was
Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghata, Bangalore - 560 089, Karnataka, India.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2005.v07i01.08
Key words: budding, cultivars, genetic variation, grapes, plant water relations, rootstocks, water use efficiency
Abstract: Results are presented of 3 separate experiments conducted in Bangalore, Karnataka, India, during 2002-03 and 2003-04 to investigate the occurrence of variability in grape cultivars (Flame Seedless, Thompson Seedless, Sharad Seedless and Tas-A-Ganesh), rootstocks (Dog Ridge, 1613 C, Salt Creek, St. George and VC clone) and buddings in respect of physiological behaviour and carbon isotope discrimination (CID). There was genetic variability in water use efficiency (WUE) with respect to CID. The behaviour of genotypes differed significantly in CID before and after budding on different rootstocks. Dog Ridge rootstock was known to increase WUE of Flame Seedless and Sharad Seedless when CID and other physiological parameters were compared. However, Thompson Seedless increased its WUE when budded on Dog Ridge, which is confirmed by the least CID in this combination at 50% stress.
Centre for Native Floriculture, School of Agronomy and Horticulture, The University of Queensland, Gatton Queensland 4343, Australia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2005.v07i01.01
Key words: cut flowers, ethylene, ethylene production, plant growth regulators, roses, senescence, silver thiosulfate, vase life
Abstract: A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine the effects of ethylene and anti-ethylene treatments on the postharvest life of cut rose cv. First Red flowers. The treatments comprised: exogenous ethylene applied at 1, 10 and 100 micro l/litre for 48 h at 22 degrees C. Ethylene at different concentrations reduced postharvest life, with 100 micro l/litre having the greatest effect. Ethylene production measurements suggested that First Red is climacteric during senescence. Pre-treatment of First Red flowers with 0.5 mM silver thiosulfate (STS) for 2 h at 22 degrees C increased vase life, but pre-treatment with 1 micro l/litre 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) did not. Pre-treatment of First Red with 0.5 mM STS and, to a lesser extent, 1 micro l/litre 1-MCP for 2 h at 22 degrees C, protected flowers from subsequent exposure to 10 micro l/litre ethylene. Maximum vase life in both ethylene-treated and non-ethylene-treated First Red flowers was obtained with 0.5 mM STS.
K.A. Post Graduate Degree College, Allahabad (UP), India.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2005.v07i01.09
Key words: application methods, application rates, branches, flowering, growth, growth retardants, paclobutrazol, plant development, plant growth regulators, plant height, root shoot ratio, roots, shoots
Abstract: An experiment was conducted during 2002-03 in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, to determine the optimum dose (0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 ppm) and method of application (root dip, soil drench and foliar spray) of paclobutrazol to improve the growth, flowering and aesthetic value of China aster (Callistephus chinensis) cv. Poornima. Paclobutrazol at 200 ppm as soil drench was the most effective in retarding plant height. The highest number of branches per plant was observed with 25 ppm paclobutrazol as soil drench while lower number of branches per plant was observed with 200 ppm as soil drench. The number of leaves and total leaf area per plant significantly decreased with increased concentration of paclobutrazol irrespective of the methods of application. The soil drench method registered maximum enhancement of root:shoot ratio than foliar spray and root dip at all levels of paclobutrazol. Maximum enhancement of root:shoot length ratio was observed due to 200 ppm paclobutrazol as soil drench method. The maximum d
Department of Plant Pathology, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263 145, India.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2005.v07i01.10
Key words: biological control agents, edible fungi, fungal antagonists, mushrooms, plant extracts, plant pathogenic fungi, plant pathogens
Abstract: Botanical biocides in forms of water, methanol and glycerol diluted plant extracts (WDPEs, MDPEs and GDPEs, respectively) of 27 botanicals, 10 fluorescent pseudomonad isolates (FPIs) and an actinomycete isolate (AI), were evaluated in vitro against Trichoderma viride and Agaricus bisporus. Among these, the water diluted extract (5%) of Lantana camara (WDELc) reduced the radial growth of T. viride by 28.57% along with a 38.61% growth promotion of A. bisporus. However, glycerol diluted extract (1%) of Cleome viscosa (GDECv) inhibited the growth of T. viride and A. bisporus completely. In the case of bacterial biocides, fluorescent pseudomonad isolate II (FPI-II) was effective and reduced the linear growth of T. viride by approximately 73.68% and enhanced the growth of A. bisporus by 27.59%. An actinomycete isolate showed antagonistic effect against T. viride and A. bisporus as it reduced the growth of both the fungi by approximately 7.10 and 20%, respectively. Under crop conditions, the combination of FPI-II +
Division of Ornamental Crops, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghata, Bangalore - 560 089, India.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2005.v07i01.11
Key words: benzyladenine, callus, carnations, culture media, explants, gamma radiation, gibberellic acid, in vitro culture, in vitro regeneration, irradiation, leaves, micropropagation, mutagenesis, NAA, plant growth regulators, survival, thidiazuron
Abstract: In vitro shootlets of carnation (cv. IIHRS-1) were subjected to irradiation with gamma dosage of 20, 40, 60 and 80 Gy. In vitro shootlets required for the irradiation were generated on MS media supplemented with 0.25 mg BAP [benzyladenine], 0.1 mg NAA and 0.25 gibberellic acid/l. From irradiated shootlets, leaves were excised and used as explants for further culturing. Leaves were horizontally cut into half. The region adhering to stem was considered as the leaf base and the region that is away from the stem was considered as the leaf tip. The leaf tip and leaf base were incubated on MS media supplemented with (1) 1.0 mg thidiazuron (TDZ) and 0.1 mg NAA/l (M5) and (2) 0.3 mg TDZ, 1.0 mg BAP and 0.1 mg NAA/l (M6). Weekly observations were recorded for survival percentage, callus formation, regenerated shootlets and expansion of leaf area. The results indicated gamma-radiation at 40 Gy to be the ideal dosage for mutagenesis when mutagenesis was used in combination with regeneration. Survival percentage decrease
Central Scientific Instruments Organization, Sector 30-C, Chandigarh - 30, India.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2005.v07i01.12
Key words: absorbance, apples, cultivars, monitoring, nondestructive testing, plant disorders, techniques, transmission, water core
Abstract: This paper presents the transmission technique, which has been designed and developed for the study of water core in apple cultivars Red Delicious and Golden Delicious of Himachal Pradesh, India. The principle of this method is to measure the optical density of the sample at 2 selected wavelengths and computation of the optical density difference. It has been observed that Golden Delicious is more prone to water core than Red Delicious. The technique is simple and can be conveniently implemented to develop an on-line instrument to monitor water core in apples.
Section of Agricultural Engineering, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 089, India.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2005.v07i01.13
Key words: cabbages, cauliflowers, containers, design, drilling, drills, equipment performance, mechanization, performance tests, vegetable growing, vegetables, work capacity
Abstract: A tray type dibbler with capacity of 100 portrays/h and a vacuum seeder with capacity of 50 portrays/h were designed and developed. The tray type dibbler is made out of wooden board with 98 nylon pegs to dibble in the media. The tray type vacuum seeder is made of acrylic sheet and it consists of a vacuum chamber, seed plate with 98 holes to pick the seeds, vacuum pump and necessary control valves. It was observed that the seeder picked and dropped the round shaped seeds like cabbage, cauliflower and knol khol perfectly, i.e., 100% singles. For other vegetable seeds, the metering performance of the seeder was good with singles in the range of 93-97%, doubles between 3-7% and no missing was recorded. It is suggested that these handy and low cost tray type dibbler and tray type vacuum seeder are very much useful for small vegetable nursery growers.
Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Rehmankhera, PO Kakori, Lucknow - 227 107, India.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2005.v07i01.14
Key words: crop quality, fruits, genetic variation, guavas, heritability, phenotypic variation, seed characteristics, seed weight, seeds, selection criteria
Abstract: A total of 68 guava accessions were studied to determine the genetic variability and heritability for fruit weight and associated seed characteristics. Data were recorded for fruit weight, number of seeds per fruit, seed weight per fruit, 100-seed weight, number of seeds per 100 g fruit and seed content. High genotypic (GCV) and phenotypic (PCV) coefficients of variation were observed for all the traits. However, GCV was maximum for pulp:seed weight ratio followed by number of seeds per fruit, 100-seed weight and number of seeds per 100 g fruit. The estimates of PCV ranged from 33.85 (average fruit weight) to 609.75% (pulp:seed weight ratio). The number of seeds per 100 g fruit, number of seeds per fruit and 100-seed weight also exhibited high levels of PCV. The estimates of heritability in the broad sense ranged from 0.558 (seed content) to 0.843 (pulp:seed weight ratio) suggesting that all the characters had high magnitude of heritability. The estimate of genetic advance as percent of mean ranged from 43.76
Department of Vegetable Crops, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana - 141 004, India.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2005.v07i01.15
Key words: characteristics, firmness, genetic variation, heat stress, heritability, lycopene, pericarp, phenotypic variation, tomatoes
Abstract: Studies were conducted on 15 advance generation breeding lines of tomato, including 4 control cultivars, to study the variation and heritability of quality characteristics in tomato raised under normal and high temperature conditions (November and February, respectively). Data were recorded for total soluble solids (TSS), pericarp thickness, fruit firmness, acidity, lycopene content and dry matter content. There were significant differences among the genotypes under normal conditions, whereas differences were not significant under high temperature conditions. The population mean was higher during November than February planting for all the characters except acid content and TSS. In general, the phenotypic coefficients of variation were higher than genotypic coefficients of variation indicating that the genotypic effect is lessened under the influence of the given environment. Heritability estimates (in the broad sense) were high for all the characters for November planting except for lycopene content.
Defence Agricultural Research Laboratory, Pithoragarh - 262 501, India.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2005.v07i01.16
Key words: crop yield, cucumbers, fruits, hydroponics, leaf area index, photosynthesis, plant density, protected cultivation, soilless culture, transpiration
Abstract: A greenhouse experiment was conducted to identify the suitable plant density (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 plants per m2) for growing cucumber (cv. Green Long) in recirculating hydroponic system of cultivation. An increase in plant density from 2 to 6 plants per m2 significantly increased yield. A declining trend in yield and fruit number was observed at more than 6 plants per m2. The leaf area index and photosynthetic rate in different treatments were also recorded. The photosynthetic and transpiration rates were maximum when plant density was maintained at 6 plants per m2.
Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University, Tsutsumidori-amamiyamachi 1-1, Sendai 981-8555, Japan.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2005.v07i01.02
Key words: carnations, cut flowers, methodology, preservatives, sucrose, vase life
Abstract: An attempt was made to determine the vase life of spray type carnation flowers by observing the number of open flowers, i.e. the percentage of open flowers to the total number of initial flower buds, and to evaluate the efficacy of this method. The vase life determined by this method was similar to that determined by measuring ethylene production and observing senescence symptoms of carnation flowers. The method effectively evaluated the action of preservatives, sucrose and 1,1-dimethyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)semicarbazide in carnation flowers. The results indicated that this method can be used as an alternative method for the determination of the vase life of carnation flowers, especially those of the spray type.
Aridland Agriculture and Greenery Department, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885 Safat, 13109, Kuwait
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2004.v06i02.22
Key words: Ornamental plants, drought, mulching effect, plant growth
Abstract: To further enhance the understanding of cultural needs and to promote efficient use of expensive water resources in ornamental plant production, it is important to conduct studies on fertilizer and irrigation requirements, identification and control of insect pest and disease and water conservation measures under local climatic conditions. The study reported in this paper was initiated in June 2002 to determine the effects of mulching on the growth and greenery impact of four proven adaptable introduced ornamental plants (Vitex agnus castus (VA), Caesalpinia mexicana (CM), Myoporum parvifolium (MP) and Rosmarinus officinalis (RO). Organic mulches (processed bark or compost) procured locally were applied to the soil surface immediately after planting. Periodic data recorded during the first year after planting indicated significant individual effects (mulches and species). However, the mulch x species interactions were not significant at P= 0.05. The processed bark was the better than compost in increasing plant height and canopy in MP and RO. However, VA plants in bark mulch had increased seedling height and larger canopies than those in unmulched plants. CM plant height was not affected by mulching but canopy increased due to surface mulching. The root zone soil moisture regimes were almost similar in all treatments
Indian Institute of Spices Research, Calicut - 673012, India.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2004.v06i02.23
Key words: Callus initiation, multiple shoots, SH medium, somatic embryoids, Nephelium lappaceum L.
Abstract: An efficient protocol has been developed for in vitro propagation of rambutan through tissue culture. Embryonic plants as well as multiple shoots were developed from seed explants cultured on Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) basal medium supplemented with NAA (0.5 mg l-1 ) and BAP (1 mg l-1 ). The multiple shoots were separated and subcultured on the same media. Callus initiation with somatic embryoids were generated from the excised cotyledons that were cultured on SH medium supplemented with 1 mg l-1,4-D whereas direct somatic plantlets were developed from the excised cotyledons cultured on SH medium supplemented with 1 mg l-12,4-D and 0.25 mg l-1BAP. Regenerated plantlets with well developed shoots and roots were successfully transferred to soil. This system could be utilized for biotechnological applications and also in generating variability. This is the first report on in vitro propagation of rambutan.
Department of Botany, Department of Biochemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2004.v06i02.24
Key words: Tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum, L. pimpinellifolium, cultivars, biochemical properties, peroxidase, catalase
Abstract: The fruits of three cultivars of the cultivated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and the wild species (L. pimpinellifolium) were analysed and compared for their biochemical properties. Ripe fruits at the orange-red stage were used for all the analyses. Both the cultivated and the wild tomato species showed high moisture contents. The wild tomato cultivar had a higher crude protein content and quantitatively represents the better source of protein intake when compared with the cultivated cultivars. The crude fibre content was highest in L. esculentum cv. Roma V.F. The ash content was higher in the Ibadan local and wild cultivars than in the other cultivars. Peroxidase activity was found to be highest in L. pimpinellifolium, while catalase activity was highest in L. esculentum cv lfe-1. Glutathione transferase activities was negligible in all the samples analysed.