Untargeted metabolite profiling of Aggregatum onion cultivars: Insights from GC-MS based metabolomics studies

Abstract: Allium cepa, commonly known as onion, is renowned for its culinary and medicinal properties. This article investigates the phytochemical composition of four aggregatum onion varieties using preliminary phytochemical screening and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The study reveals diverse metabolites, including hydrocarbons, aldehydes, terpenoids, and organosulfur compounds, with variations observed among the onion varieties. Significant proportions of compounds such as diisooctyl phthalate, hexanol, and nobilitin, possessing various pharmacological activities like antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, were identified. The research emphasizes the importance of understanding onion phytochemistry, particularly given its widespread cultivation and consumption, notably in regions like Tamil Nadu, India. The identified bioactive compounds shed light on different onion varieties’ unique attributes and potential health benefits. By elucidating onion bulb metabolite profiles using advanced techniques like GC-MS, this study contributes to understanding the phytochemical diversity within Allium cepa species. These findings lay the groundwork for future research into the medicinal and nutritional advantages of onions and support targeted breeding (selective breeding) programs to enhance health-promoting compounds in onion varieties. Overall, this study underscores onions’ significance as a culinary staple and a valuable source of diverse bioactive compounds with pharmacological potential.