Genetic variability analysis for fruit yield and its attributing traits in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum Sendt.)

Abstract:

Development of cultivars with superior yield and quality for polyhouse cultivation requires a thorough understanding of the available genetic variability. Therefore, the present study evaluated twenty bell pepper genotypes collected from diverse regions of India under polyhouse conditions at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, during two consecutive kharif seasons (2023 and 2024). Data were recorded for seven quantitative traits to assess the extent of genetic variability and identify promising genotypes for polyhouse cultivation. Pooled analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all traits, indicating the presence of substantial genetic variability. The distribution of variability was visualised through frequency distribution histograms with expected normality. Most traits, except fruit length and width, exhibited high standardized range (SR), which was further reflected in the estimates of genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV). The narrow difference between PCV and GCV estimates indicated limited environmental influence on trait expression. Furthermore, high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as a percentage of mean was observed for all traits, suggesting that simple selection would be effective for their improvement. Based on per se performance, the genotypes NS 280, Yolo Wonder and Indera were identified as superior for fruit yield. In contrast, Davangere Local, North Karnataka Local and Capsicum Jawari Dharwad were identified as potential donor parents for higher fruit number. Thus, the identified genotypes hold significant potential for strategic utilization in future bell pepper improvement programmes.

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